ArticleSSM - population health2019
The syndemic of violence victimisation, drug use, frequent alcohol use, and HIV transmission risk behaviour among men who have sex with men: Cross-sectional, population-based study in India.
Article in SSM - population health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Gender-based violence syndemics in global health: A systematic review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Pooled it
- Comprehending Health of the Transgender Population in India Through Bibliometric Analysis.International journal of public health · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of a syndemic theory-based intervention on HIV transmission risk behaviour among men who have sex with men in India: Pretest-posttest non-equivalent comparison group trial.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Trial
- Strengthening resilience to reduce HIV risk in Indian MSM: a multicity, randomised, clinical efficacy trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Trial
- Excess Burdens and Mental Health Consequences of Physical Violence Victimization Among Sexual Minority Adolescents and Young Adults in Colombia and Honduras: A Pooled Population-Based Study.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2025Article
- Identifying Syndemic Factors and Their Effect on HIV Sexual Risk Behavior Among Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Vancouver, Montreal and Toronto.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Testing syndemic models along pathways to psychotic spectrum disorder: implications for population-level preventive interventions.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- The syndemic of incarceration, violence victimisation, needle/syringe sharing, & HIV infection: A population-based study of men who inject drugs in India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Article
- Alarming patterns of moderate and high-risk alcohol use among transgender women in Goiás, Central Brazil.Frontiers in public health · 2024Observational
- Stated preferences for new HIV prevention technologies among men who have sex with men in India: A discrete choice experiment.PloS one · 2024Article
- Syndemic Conditions and Their Association with HIV/STI Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Transgender Women and Cisgender Men Sex Workers in Catalonia: The SexCohort Project.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2023Article
- Exploring the Unique Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelics to Reduce Chronic Shame Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults.Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2023Review
- Evaluating effects of IBEM-U on decreasing alcohol consumption and heavy episodic drinking among university students in Colombia: Protocol for a randomized control trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2023Article
- Physical-mental health and awareness of HIV/STIs among men who have sex with men in selected cities of India.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Intervening on the Intersecting Issues of Intimate Partner Violence, Substance Use, and HIV: A Review of Social Intervention Group's (SIG) Syndemic-Focused Interventions for Women.Research on social work practice · 2023Article
- Article
- A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people's health in India.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- An uncharted territory of sexualized drug use: exploring the dynamics of chemsex among young and adolescent MSM including self-identified gay men in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Mental health, economic well-being and health care access amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods study among urban men who have sex with men in India.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The theory of syndemics has been used to explain elevated HIV risk facing men who have sex with men (MSM). However, few studies have employed suitable analytical methods to test this theory. Using data from a probability-based sample of MSM in India, we tested three proposed models linking the co-occurring epidemics of violence victimisation, drug use, and frequent alcohol use to HIV risk: 1) the syndemic model of synergistically interacting epidemics; 2) the "chains of risk" model; and 3) the model of mutually causal epidemics. The primary outcome was inconsistent condom use with male or
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.