ArticlePeerJ2019
Application of built-in adjuvants for epitope-based vaccines.
Article in PeerJ, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design and immunoinformatics characterization of a novel multi-epitope vaccine rPRRSV-35N targeting NADC30-like and NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus variants.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- A bivalent multi-epitope vaccine targeting CSP and TRAP of Plasmodium vivax designed through immunoinformatics and structural bioinformatics.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Integrative immunoinformatics and structural modeling for the rational design of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against human cytomegalovirus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Designing of a conserved subunit multiepitope vaccine candidate against Francisella tularensis Schu S4 using immunoinformatics.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A mutation-aware proteomics approach for designing a multi-epitope vaccine against multidrug-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin as adjuvant platform enhances immunogenicity of conserved epitopes from structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Designing a novel therapeutic candidate vaccine for HPV16 using immunoinformatics approach: Targeting E6 and E7 epitopes with TLR4 agonist integration.BioImpacts : BI · 2026Article
- Core genome analysis reveals novel drug and vaccine targets in multidrug-resistant Citrobacter koseri.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2025Article
- Computational development of multi-epitope vaccine to induce adaptive immunity against multi-drug resistant Prevotella intermedia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Computational identification of membrane proteins for vaccine design against drug-resistant Moraxella catarrhalis.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2025Article
- Immunoinformatic development of a multiepitope messenger RNA vaccine targeting lipoate protein ligase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase proteins ofVeterinary world · 2025Article
- Design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Staphylococcus Aureus lukotoxin ED using in silico approaches.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immunoinformatics-driven design of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting neonatal rotavirus with focus on outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7 and non structural proteins NSP2 and NSP5.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Core-genome guided novel therapeutic targets identification and chimeric vaccine designing against Rickettsia rickettsii.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Design of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer: an immunoinformatic approach.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Article
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- AnCurrent computer-aided drug design · 2025Article
- Design and evaluation of a multi-epitope DNA vaccine against HPV16.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Genome-level therapeutic targets identification and chimeric Vaccine designing against theHeliyon · 2024Article
- TgVax452, an epitope-based candidate vaccine targeting Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite-specific SAG1-related sequence (SRS) proteins: immunoinformatics, structural simulations and experimental evidence-based approaches.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several studies have shown that epitope vaccines exhibit substantial advantages over conventional vaccines. However, epitope vaccines are associated with limited immunity, which can be overcome by conjugating antigenic epitopes with built-in adjuvants (e.g., some carrier proteins or new biomaterials) with special properties, including immunologic specificity, good biosecurity and biocompatibility, and the ability to vastly improve the immune response of epitope vaccines. When designing epitope vaccines, the following types of built-in adjuvants are typically considered: (1) pattern recognition receptor ligands (i.e., toll-like receptors); (2) virus-like particle carrier platforms; (3) bacterial toxin proteins; and (4) novel potential delivery systems (e.g., self-assembled peptide nanoparticles, lipid core peptides, and polymeric or inorganic nanoparticles). This review primarily discusses the current and prospective applications of these built-in adjuvants (i.e., biological carriers) to provide some references for the future design of epitope-based vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.