ArticleCancer management and research2019
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression and overall survival in patients diagnosed with breast cancer in Pakistan.
Article in Cancer management and research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Metabolomics as a tool for understanding and treating triple-negative breast cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Review
- Physical Activity and Depression in Breast Cancer Patients: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Expression in Osteosarcoma: Insights From a 10-Year Retrospective Cohort.OncoTargets and therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Patterns of immune evasion in triple-negative breast cancer and new potential therapeutic targets: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase: a fate-changer of the tumor microenvironment.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- Article
- Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase: A Novel Immunotherapeutic Target for Osteosarcoma.Journal of cancer & allied specialties · 2023Review
- Contracting triple-negative breast cancer with immunotherapeutic armamentarium: recent advances and clinical prospects.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2022Review
- COVID-19 in cancer patients with diabetes in Pakistan: Clinical features and management.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Review
- Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Review of 10 years of research on breast cancer patients: Focus on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.World journal of clinical oncology · 2021Review
- Review
- Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19-Infected Cancer Patients in Pakistan: Differences Between Survivors and Non-Survivors.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Perception of breast cancer risk factors: Dysregulation of TGF-β/miRNA axis in Pakistani females.PloS one · 2021Article
- Tackling Immune Targets for Breast Cancer: Beyond PD-1/PD-L1 Axis.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Forkhead box P3 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase co-expression in Pakistani triple negative breast cancer patients.World journal of clinical oncology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmune dysfunction in breast cancer patients is well established. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunosuppressive enzyme that is linked with progression of cancer. IDO is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe conducted the first study to analyze IDO expression and overall survival in breast cancer cases in Pakistan. Expression of IDO, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human EGF receptor 2 (HER2) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues of 100 (TNBC, n=49 and non-TNBC, n=51) patients were obtained from Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre. IDO expression was analyzed in association with clinicopathological features and overall survival. A total of 100 patients were classified based on the ordinal IDO score variables as low, medium, and high. In addition, overall mean age and SD of patients was 48.28±11.82.
resultsImmunohistochemical analysis showed that high IDO was observed in the TNBC patients (65.3%) compared to that in the non-TNBC patients (33.3%). Multivariable analyses showed that TNBC was an independent risk factor for high IDO expression. Overall survival was also significantly associated with IDO score.
conclusionOur study showed that IDO protein expression is higher in TNBC patients (
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