ArticleDiabetes care2019
Development and Standardization of an Improved Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score for Use in Newborn Screening and Incident Diagnosis.
Article in Diabetes care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05013346 (Understanding the Characteristics of Young-onset Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa), which is not on this map. Cited by 249 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Understanding the Characteristics of Young-onset Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa
Who cites it
249 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 373 citations in OpenAlex.
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Screening, Staging, and Strategies to Preserve Beta-Cell Function in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2024Guideline
- Predicting future risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus using polygenic scores: a cohort study.Diabetologia · 2026Observational
- ProtectiveiScience · 2026Article
- Delayed maturation of the milk microbiome in women with type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Clinical Utility of a Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Measured as Part of MODY Genetic Testing.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Polygenic risk scores in human genetics for study design discovery and translation.Human genetics · 2026Review
- Psychosocial aspects of early detection in type 1 diabetes: Language matters, decision making and support needs.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Review
- BMI Normalization Is Associated With Lower Risk of Progression to Type 1 Diabetes, Primarily in Youth.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Machine learning methodology using a masked neural network for robust genetic risk score calculation from noisy and missing data.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Development and application of type 1 diabetes polygenic scores across diverse populations.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Thyroid autoimmunity and the subsequent development of islet and celiac autoimmunity in the TEDDY study.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Relative maternal protection against type 1 diabetes: A combined analysis of 5 observational studies.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Multi-tissue multi-omics integration reveals tissue-specific pathways, gene networks and drug candidates for type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Modeling immune responses to autologous and allogeneic human stem cell-derived islet grafts in vivo.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a trans-ancestry polygenic risk score for type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Preimplantation genetic testing for polygenic diseases: A novel paradigm in embryo selection.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Role of genetic risk on progression to diabetes in children with acute pancreatitis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- New and emerging therapies in type 1 diabetes mellitus.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Heterogeneous endocrine cell composition defines human islet functional phenotypes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Insights into the genetic aetiology of diabetes in Africa.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
189 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePreviously generated genetic risk scores (GRSs) for type 1 diabetes (T1D) have not captured all known information at non-HLA loci or, particularly, at HLA risk loci. We aimed to more completely incorporate HLA alleles, their interactions, and recently discovered non-HLA loci into an improved T1D GRS (termed the "T1D GRS2") to better discriminate diabetes subtypes and to predict T1D in newborn screening studies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsIn 6,481 case and 9,247 control subjects from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium, we analyzed variants associated with T1D both in the HLA region and across the genome. We modeled interactions between variants marking strongly associated HLA haplotypes and generated odds ratios to create the improved GRS, the T1D GRS2. We validated our findings in UK Biobank. We assessed the impact of the T1D GRS2 in newborn screening and diabetes classification and sought to provide a framework for comparison with previous scores.
resultsThe T1D GRS2 used 67 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and accounted for interactions between 18 HLA DR-DQ haplotype combinations. The T1D GRS2 was highly discriminative for all T1D (area under the curve [AUC] 0.92;
conclusionsAn improved T1D GRS, the T1D GRS2, is highly useful for classifying adult incident diabetes type and improving newborn screening. Given the cost-effectiveness of SNP genotyping, this approach has great clinical and research potential in T1D.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.