Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30655223›Full record

ReviewPhysics of life reviews2019

Variational ecology and the physics of sentient systems.

Maxwell J D Ramstead, Axel Constant, Paul B Badcock, Karl J Friston

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Physics of life reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Heuristically Adaptive Diffusion-Model Evolutionary Strategy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Flow and intuition: a systems neuroscience comparison.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Feasibility of a Personal Neuromorphic Emulation.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Maxwell J D RamsteadDivision of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada; Department of Philosophy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2T7, Canada; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK. Electronic address: maxwell.ramstead@mail.mcgill.ca.
Axel ConstantWellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands.
Paul B BadcockMelbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, 3052, Australia.
Karl J FristonWellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper addresses the challenges faced by multiscale formulations of the variational (free energy) approach to dynamics that obtain for large-scale ensembles. We review a framework for modelling complex adaptive control systems for multiscale free energy bounding organism-niche dynamics, thereby integrating the modelling strategies and heuristics of variational neuroethology with a broader perspective on the ecological nestedness of biotic systems. We extend the multiscale variational formulation beyond the action-perception loops of individual organisms by appealing to the variational approach to niche construction to explain the dynamics of coupled systems constituted by organisms and their ecological niche. We suggest that the statistical robustness of living systems is inherited, in part, from their eco-niches, as niches help coordinate dynamical patterns across larger spatiotemporal scales. We call this approach variational ecology. We argue that, when applied to cultural animals such as humans, variational ecology enables us to formulate not just a physics of individual minds, but also a physics of interacting minds across spatial and temporal scales - a physics of sentient systems that range from cells to societies.

Indexed as

Physical PhenomenaAnimalsHumansThermodynamicsEvolutionary systems theoryFree energy principleNiche constructionPhysics of the mindVariational ecologyVariational neuroethology

Identifiers

PMID30655223
PMCPMC6941227

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.