ArticleAutophagy2019
MIR93 (microRNA -93) regulates tumorigenicity and therapy response of glioblastoma by targeting autophagy.
Article in Autophagy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Induction of transferrin receptor 1-mediated ferroptosis by ultrasound-triggered microbubble destruction sensitizes glioblastoma to radiotherapy.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Locoregional Delivery of miRNAs for Glioblastoma Treatment: A Systematic Review of Advances in Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Review
- Tumor Electric Field Therapy Inhibits TGF-β/C1R Signaling Axis-Driven Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Glioblastoma.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- miR-652-5p promoter hypermethylation enhances glioblastoma malignancy through the SDC1/TGFβ2/pERBB4 complex via HIF2α-mediated regulation under hypoxia.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- 5'-Methylthioadenosine Metabolic Reprogramming Drives H3K79 Monomethylation-Mediated PAK2 Upregulation to Promote Cadmium-Induced Breast Cancer Progression by Impairing Autophagic Flux.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Autophagy-Targeting Nanomedicine: Strike at the Heart of the Cancer via Precise Modulation of Autophagy.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- The Biological Role and Clinical Significance of BECLIN-1 in Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Phenotypic variations in glioma stem cells: regulatory mechanisms and implications for therapeutic strategies.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Overcoming temozolomide resistance in glioma: recent advances and mechanistic insights.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Review
- Role of Non-coding RNAs in the Response of Glioblastoma to Temozolomide.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Autophagy in brain tumors: molecular mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Dual role of autophagy in bone metastasis: mechanistic insights and therapeutic targeting.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2025Review
- The Pivotal Role of Irradiation-induced Autophagy Mechanisms in Glioma Therapy.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Advances in targeting protein S-palmitoylation in tumor immunity and therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Mechanism of microRNA-152-3p-Mediated Regulation of Autophagy and Sensitivity in Paclitaxel-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells.OncoTargets and therapy · 2025Article
- Unlocking the Potential of Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers in Glioblastoma.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Regulation of autophagy by non-coding RNAs in human glioblastoma.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Stanniocalcin-1 promotes temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma through regulation of MGMT.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Blockage of Autophagy for Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a natural intracellular process that maintains cellular homeostasis and protects cells from death under stress conditions. Autophagy sustains tumor survival and growth when induced by common cancer treatments, including IR and cytotoxic chemotherapy, thereby contributing to therapeutic resistance of tumors. In this study, we report that the expression of MIR93, noted in two clinically relevant tumor subtypes of GBM, influenced GSC phenotype as well as tumor response to therapy through its effects on autophagy. Our mechanistic studies revealed that MIR93 regulated autophagic activities in GSCs through simultaneous inhibition of multiple autophagy regulators, including BECN1/Beclin 1, ATG5, ATG4B, and SQSTM1/p62. Moreover, two first-line treatments for GBM, IR and temozolomide (TMZ), as well as rapamycin (Rap), the prototypic MTOR inhibitor, decreased MIR93 expression that, in turn, stimulated autophagic processes in GSCs. Inhibition of autophagy by ectopic MIR93 expression, or via autophagy inhibitors NSC (an ATG4B inhibitor) and CQ, enhanced the activity of IR and TMZ against GSCs. Collectively, our findings reveal a key role for MIR93 in the regulation of autophagy and suggest a combination treatment strategy involving the inhibition of autophagy while administering cytotoxic therapy. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; ATG4B: autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase; ATG5: autophagy related 5; BECN1: beclin 1; CL: classical; CQ: chloroquine diphosphate; CSCs: cancer stem cells; GBM: glioblastoma; GSCs: glioma stem-like cells; HEK: human embryonic kidney; IB: immunoblotting; IF: immunofluorescent staining; IR: irradiation; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MES: mesenchymal; MIR93: microRNA 93; MIRC: a control miRNA; miRNA/miR: microRNA; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NSC: NSC185085; PN: proneural; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; Rap: rapamycin; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TCGA: the cancer genome atlas; TMZ: temozolomide; WT: wild type; ZIP93: lentiviral miRZIP targeting MIR93; ZIPC: lentiviral miRZip targeting control miRNA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.