Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30652275›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2019

Spatial Clusters of Breast Cancer Mortality and Incidence in the Contiguous USA: 2000-2014.

Raid W Amin, Bridget A Fritsch, John E Retzloff

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. The Effects of Post-diagnosis Recreational Aerobic Exercise among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Area-Level Determinants in Colorectal Cancer Spatial Clustering Studies: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Pooled it
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  6. Where Should the Cancer Control Interventions Target: A Geospatial Hotspot Analysis for Major Cancer Mortality 2018 to 2022 in the United States.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025
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  9. Trends in breast cancer mortality in Mexican women.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2025
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  14. Mortality trends of breast and cervical cancer in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul: an analysis by age and schooling, 1999-2019.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Raid W AminDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, 32514, USA. ramin@uwf.edu.
Bridget A FritschDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, 32514, USA.
John E RetzloffSacred Heart Health System, Pensacola, FL, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundClusters of breast cancer with varied incidence or mortality are known to exist. No national scale of analysis of geographical variation in breast cancer incidence has been published before for the contiguous USA.

methodsThis was a spatial cluster analysis of incidence and mortality data on breast cancer in the contiguous USA at the county resolution. Data for the years 2000-2014 were downloaded and analyzed with the software SaTScan with the goal to identify significant spatial clusters of breast cancer. Regression analysis was used to then adjust breast cancer incidence and mortality for several key risk factors such as age, smoking, particulate matter air pollution, physical inactivity, urban living, education level, and race.

resultsSpatial clusters of counties for higher than expected breast cancer incidence and also for breast cancer mortality were identified. All identified clusters have p < 0.05. The mortality clusters show the mean breast cancer rates inside the cluster, while the incidence clusters show the relative risk inside each cluster. This is the first study of the contiguous USA for breast cancer mortality and incidence together. The clustering for mortality is quite different from the clustering for incidence. Using the software JOINPOINT, it is shown that the annual US downward trend for breast cancer mortality slowed down in recent years.

conclusionsThere exist several significant clusters in the contiguous USA, both for breast cancer incidence and for breast cancer mortality. Some of the clusters persisted even after adjusting for several key risk factors. These geographic areas warrant further investigation to potentially identify additional local concerns or needs to further address female breast cancer in those specific sites.

Indexed as

Age FactorsBreast NeoplasmsCluster AnalysisDemographyFemaleHumansIncidenceMortalityUnited Statesepidemiologyfemale breast cancerincidence and mortalityspatial clusters

Identifiers

PMID30652275
PMCPMC6420677

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.