Trial reportThe oncologist2019
S-1 plus Raltitrexed for Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Phase II Trial.
Trial report in The oncologist, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug induced hyperpigmentation: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of salvage therapies in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.International journal of colorectal disease · 2020Pooled it
- A prospective phase II study of raltitrexed combined with S-1 as salvage treatment for patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology · 2021Trial
- Bevacizumab Combined with S-1 and Raltitrexed for Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Refractory to Standard Therapies: A Phase II Study.The oncologist · 2021Trial
- Article
- Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine plus raltitrexed or S-1 versus standard third-line therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Using a combination of fruquintinib, raltitrexed, and S-1 as a third-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer with co-existence of Hodgkin lymphoma: a case report.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2023Article
- Real-World Results of Raltitrexed Combined with S-1 and Bevacizumab in Heavily Pretreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.Cancer management and research · 2023Article
- Efficacy and safety of raltitrexed plus S-1Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with recombinant mutant human TNF-α and raltitrexed in mice with colorectal-peritoneal carcinomatosis.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
lessons learnedThe upregulation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are important mechanisms of resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) after long exposure to 5-FU.S-1 (containing a DPD inhibitor) combined with raltitrexed (a TS inhibitor) showed a moderate effect, which needs further study as a third- or later-line therapy in mCRC.
background5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a fundamental drug in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Patients with mCRC are often exposed to 5-FU and/or its analogues for a long time because of its central role in treatment regimens. The upregulation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and/or thymidylate synthase (TS) are important mechanisms of resistance of 5-FU. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of S-1 (containing a DPD inhibitor) and raltitrexed (a TS inhibitor) for refractory mCRC, a one-center, single-arm, prospective phase II trial was conducted.
methodsPatients who had mCRC that had progressed after treatment with fluoropyrimidine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin and who had at least one measurable lesion were eligible for this trial. Patients received oral S-1 (80-120 mg for 14 days every 3 weeks) plus an intravenous infusion of raltitrexed (3 mg/m
resultsIn total, 46 patients were enrolled. Three patients did not complete the first assessment because of adverse events and unwillingness, leaving tumor response evaluation available in 43 patients. Of 43 evaluable patients, the ORR was 13.9% and disease control rate was 58.1%. In the intention-to-treat population (
conclusionS-1 combined with raltitrexed for refractory mCRC showed moderate effect, and it is worthy of further study as third- or later-line therapy in mCRC.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.