Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30650322›Full record

Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2019

Single-Dose Tafenoquine to Prevent Relapse of Plasmodium vivax Malaria.

Marcus V G Lacerda, Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas, Srivicha Krudsood, Chanthap Lon, David L Saunders, Rezika Mohammed, Daniel Yilma, Dhelio Batista Pereira, Fe E J Espino, Reginaldo Z Mia and 31 more

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IIClinical Trial, Phase IIIMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 167 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
167citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
14.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01376167 phase2completednot on this map

A Multi-centre, Double-blind, Randomised, Parallel-group, Active Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Tafenoquine (SB-252263, WR238605) in Subjects With Plasmodium Vivax Malaria.

TypeinterventionalSponsorGlaxoSmithKlineRan2014 to 2016Enrolled851ConditionsMalaria, VivaxArmsChloroquine 600mg, Chloroquine 300mg, Tafenoquine 50mg, Tafenoquine 100mg, Tafenoquine 300mg
NCT05203744 phase4unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Tafenoquine After Weekly and Escalating Monthly Doses of Tafenoquine in Healthy Vietnamese Volunteers

TypeinterventionalSponsorNaval Medical Research CenterRan2022 to 2022Enrolled200ConditionsProphylaxisArmsTafenoquine prophylaxis
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

167 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 282 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Guideline
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  10. Tafenoquine: a toxicity overview.Expert opinion on drug safety · 2021
    Pooled it
  11. Tafenoquine for preventing relapse in people with Plasmodium vivax malaria.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020
    Pooled it
  12. Estimating the Proportion ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020
    Pooled it
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  14. Trial
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  17. Higher-Dose Primaquine to Prevent Relapse ofThe New England journal of medicine · 2022
    Trial
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107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

41 authors at 7 institutions in 11 countries.

Marcus V G LacerdaFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Alejandro Llanos-CuentasFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Srivicha KrudsoodFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Chanthap LonFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
David L SaundersFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Rezika MohammedFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Daniel YilmaFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Dhelio Batista PereiraFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Fe E J EspinoFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Reginaldo Z MiaFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Raul ChuquiyauriFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Fernando ValFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Martín CasapíaFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Wuelton M MonteiroFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Marcelo A M BritoFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Mônica R F CostaFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Nillawan BuathongFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Harald NoedlFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Ermias DiroFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Sisay GetieFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Kalehiwot M WubieFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Alemseged AbdissaFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Ahmed ZeynudinFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Cherinet AbebeFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Mauro S TadaFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Françoise BrandFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Hans-Peter BeckFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Brian AngusFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Stephan DuparcFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Jörg-Peter KleimFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Lynda M KellamFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Victoria M RousellFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Siôn W JonesFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Elizabeth HardakerFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Khadeeja MohamedFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Donna D CloverFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Kim FletcherFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
John J BretonFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Cletus O UgwuegbulamFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Justin A GreenFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).
Gavin C K W KohFrom Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus (M.V.G.L., F.V., W.M.M., M.A.M.B., M.R.F.C.), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro (M.V.G.L.), and Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical Rondônia, Porto Velho (D.B.P., M.S.T.) - all in Brazil; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.L.-C., R.C., M.C.); Mahidol University (S.K.) and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (C.L., D.L.S., N.B.), Bangkok, Thailand; the University of Gondar, Gondar (R.M., E.D., S.G., K.M.W.), and Jimma University, Jimma (D.Y., A.A., A.Z., C.A.) - both in Ethiopia; Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila (F.E.J.E.), and Rio Tuba Nickel Foundation Hospital, Palawan (R.Z.M.) - both in the Philippines; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (H.N.); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Basel (F.B., H.-P.B.), and Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva (S.D.) - both in Switzerland; Oxford University, Oxford (B.A.), and GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park West (J.-P.K., L.M.K., V.M.R., S.W.J., E.H., K.M., D.D.C., K.F., C.O.U., J.A.G., G.C.K.W.K.) - both in the United Kingdom; and GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA (J.J.B.).ORCID 0000-0002-7336-1566
Fundação de Medicina Tropical · BRJimma University · ETUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia · PESwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute · CHMahidol University · THResearch Institute for Tropical Medicine · PHUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

University of California Launching Future Leaders in Global Health Research Training ProgramD43TW009343 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CRAIG R COHEN, Sung-Jae Lee · 2017 to 2026
$14.7M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTreatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria requires the clearing of asexual parasites, but relapse can be prevented only if dormant hypnozoites are cleared from the liver (a treatment termed "radical cure"). Tafenoquine is a single-dose 8-aminoquinoline that has recently been registered for the radical cure of P. vivax.

methodsThis multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel group, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Ethiopia, Peru, Brazil, Cambodia, Thailand, and the Philippines. We enrolled 522 patients with microscopically confirmed P. vivax infection (>100 to <100,000 parasites per microliter) and normal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity (with normal activity defined as ≥70% of the median value determined at each trial site among 36 healthy male volunteers who were otherwise not involved in the trial). All patients received a 3-day course of chloroquine (total dose of 1500 mg). In addition, patients were assigned to receive a single 300-mg dose of tafenoquine on day 1 or 2 (260 patients), placebo (133 patients), or a 15-mg dose of primaquine once daily for 14 days (129 patients). The primary outcome was the Kaplan-Meier estimated percentage of patients who were free from recurrence at 6 months, defined as P. vivax clearance without recurrent parasitemia.

resultsIn the intention-to-treat population, the percentage of patients who were free from recurrence at 6 months was 62.4% in the tafenoquine group (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.9 to 69.0), 27.7% in the placebo group (95% CI, 19.6 to 36.6), and 69.6% in the primaquine group (95% CI, 60.2 to 77.1). The hazard ratio for the risk of recurrence was 0.30 (95% CI, 0.22 to 0.40) with tafenoquine as compared with placebo (P<0.001) and 0.26 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.39) with primaquine as compared with placebo (P<0.001). Tafenoquine was associated with asymptomatic declines in hemoglobin levels, which resolved without intervention.

conclusionsSingle-dose tafenoquine resulted in a significantly lower risk of P. vivax recurrence than placebo in patients with phenotypically normal G6PD activity. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline and Medicines for Malaria Venture; DETECTIVE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01376167 .).

Indexed as

Plasmodium vivaxAdolescentAdultAminoquinolinesAntimalarialsChloroquineCytochrome P-450 CYP2D6Disease-Free SurvivalDouble-Blind MethodDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleGlucosephosphate DehydrogenaseHemoglobinsHumansIntention to Treat AnalysisKaplan-Meier EstimateAminoquinolinesAntimalarialsChloroquineCytochrome P-450 CYP2D6G6PD protein, humanGlucosephosphate DehydrogenaseHemoglobinsPrimaquinetafenoquine

Identifiers

PMID30650322
PMCPMC6657226
OpenAlexW2910820964

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