ArticlePloS one2019
Prevalence and persistence of transmitted drug resistance mutations in the German HIV-1 Seroconverter Study Cohort.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of B/F/TAF in adults with HIV who are viremic with M184V/I.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Observational
- SAGPEK: fast and flexible approach to identify genotypes of Sanger sequencing data.BMC bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Consensus Sequences forViruses · 2025Article
- Cannabis use is associated with a lower likelihood of presence of HIV drug resistance mutations in a retrospective cohort of adults with HIV.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- K103N, V106M and Y188L Significantly Reduce HIV-1 Subtype C Phenotypic Susceptibility to Doravirine.Viruses · 2024Article
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- Optimization of HIV testing services in Germany using HIV indicator diseases: study protocol of the HeLP study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- Transmitted drug resistance and transmission clusters among ART-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals from 2019 to 2021 in Nanjing, China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
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- Prevalence and Evolution of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Belgium Between 2013 and 2019.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Pre-existing singleton E138A mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene do not affect the efficacy of first-line antiretroviral therapy regimens using rilpivirine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.Clinical case reports · 2022Article
- The emergence and transmission dynamics of HIV-1 CRF07_BC in Mainland China.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- COVID-19 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a case series of 33 patients.Infection · 2020Article
- High nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance levels in HIV-1-infected Zambian mother-infant pairs.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Article
- Article
- Characterization of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance mutations in Henan Province, China (2017-2019).Archives of virology · 2020Article
- A Recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outbreak Among People Who Inject Drugs in Munich, Germany, Is Associated With Consumption of Synthetic Cathinones.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve individuals remains stable in most developed countries despite a decrease in the prevalence of acquired drug resistance. This suggests that persistence and further transmission of HIV-1 that encodes transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRMs) is occurring in ART-naïve individuals. In this study, we analysed the prevalence and persistence of TDRMs in the protease and reverse transcriptase-sequences of ART-naïve patients within the German HIV-1 Seroconverter Study Cohort who were infected between 1996 and 2017. The prevalence of TDRMs and baseline susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs were assessed using the Stanford HIVdb list and algorithm. Mean survival times of TDRMs were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The overall prevalence of TDR was 17.2% (95% CI 15.7-18.6, N = 466/2715). Transmitted NNRTI resistance was observed most frequently with 7.8% (95% CI 6.8-8.8), followed by NRTI resistance (5.0%, 95% CI 4.2-5.9) and PI resistance (2.8%, 95% CI 2.2-3.4). Total TDR (OR = 0.89, p = 0.034) and transmitted NRTI resistance (OR = 0.65, p = 0.000) decreased between 1996 and 2017 but has remained stable during the last decade. Viral susceptibility to NNRTIs (6.5%-6.9% for individual drugs) was mainly reduced, while <3% of the recommended NRTIs and PIs were affected. The longest mean survival times were calculated for the NNRTI mutations K103N (5.3 years, 95% CI 4.2-5.6) and E138A/G/K (8.0 years, 95% CI 5.8-10.2 / 7.9 years, 95% CI 5.4-10.3 / 6.7 years, 95% CI 6.7-6.7) and for the NRTI mutation M41L (6.4 years, 95% CI 6.0-6.7).The long persistence of single TDRMs indicates that onward transmission from ART-naïve individuals is the main cause for TDR in Germany. Transmitted NNRTI resistance was the most frequent TDR, showing simultaneously the highest impact on baseline ART susceptibility and on TDRMs with prolonged persistence. These results give cause for concern regarding the use of NNRTI in first-line regimens.
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