ArticleToxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology2019
A Conflicted Tale of Two Novel AR Antagonists In Vitro and In Vivo: Pyrifluquinazon Versus Bisphenol C.
Article in Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- In vitro models of the male reproductive system: applications for developmental and reproductive toxicology.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Review
- In vitro confirmation of estrogenic and antiandrogenic pesticide bioactivity using schild regression analysis.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2025Article
- Review
- In Utero Exposure to a Mixture of the Perfluoroalkyl-Isopropyl Pesticide Pyrifluquinazon With Dibutyl Phthalate Cumulatively Disrupts Male Rat Reproductive Development via Different Mechanisms of Action.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2022Article
- AOP key event relationship report: Linking androgen receptor antagonism with nipple retention.Current research in toxicology · 2022Review
- A mixture of 15 phthalates and pesticides below individual chemical no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) produces reproductive tract malformations in the male rat.Environment international · 2021Article
- REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY: Environmental exposures, fetal testis development and function: phthalates and beyond.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2021Review
- Genomic and Hormonal Biomarkers of Phthalate-Induced Male Rat Reproductive Developmental Toxicity Part II: A Targeted RT-qPCR Array Approach That Defines a Unique Adverse Outcome Pathway.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2021Article
- On the Use and Interpretation of Areola/Nipple Retention as a Biomarker for Anti-androgenic Effects in Rat Toxicity Studies.Frontiers in toxicology · 2021Review
- Quantification of the Uncertainties in Extrapolating From In Vitro Androgen Receptor Antagonism to In Vivo Hershberger Assay Endpoints and Adverse Reproductive Development in Male Rats.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chemicals that disrupt androgen receptor (AR) function in utero induce a cascade of adverse effects in male rats including reduced anogenital distance, retained nipples, and reproductive tract malformations. The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro and in utero activities of two novel AR antagonists, bisphenol C (BPC) and pyrifluquinazon (PFQ). In vitro, BPC was as potent an AR antagonist as hydroxyflutamide. Furthermore, BPC inhibited fetal testis testosterone production and testis gene expression ex vivo. However, when BPC was administered at 100 and 200 mg/kg/d in utero, the reproductive tract of the male offspring was minimally affected. None of the males displayed reproductive malformations. For comparison, in utero administration of flutamide has been shown to induce malformations in 100% of males at 6 mg/kg/d. In vitro, PFQ was several orders of magnitude less potent than BPC, vinclozolin, or procymidone. However, in utero administration of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg PFQ/kg/d on GD 14-18 induced antiandrogenic effects at all dosage levels and 91% of the males displayed reproductive malformation in the high dose group. Overall, BPC was ∼380-fold more potent than PFQ in vitro, whereas PFQ was far more potent than BPC in utero. Incorporating toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic data into in vitro to in vivo extrapolations would reduce the discordance between the in vitro and in utero effects of PFQ and BPC and combining in vitro results with a short-term Hershberger assay would reduce the uncertainty in predicting the in utero effects of antiandrogenic chemicals.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.