ArticleAIDS (London, England)2019
Albumin, white blood cell count, and body mass index improve discrimination of mortality in HIV-positive individuals.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 68 papers.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparing the Effectiveness of High Intensity Interval Training vs Continuous Moderate Intensity Exercise on Physical Function Among Older Adults With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- CMV IgG and EBV Cell-Associated DNA Independently Associate With Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index 2.0 Scores in People With HIV on ART.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Chronological versus physiological age for 10-year survival estimation: a real-world healthsystem-wide cohort analysis.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- A combined eGFR-CD4 index and mortality risk among people with HIV: a retrospective cohort study in Taizhou city, Zhejiang province, China.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Calibration and discrimination ability of the Dat'AIDS score in people living with HIV aged 70 years and older from the Dat'AIDS cohort.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Leveraging the Electronic Health Record for Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Among 9.4 Million US Veterans.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Association of leukocyte count with death in people with HIV: A longitudinal study over 24 years.PloS one · 2026Article
- Depression Improves the Predictive Accuracy of the VACS Index 2.0 for All-Cause Mortality Among Sexual Minority Men Living With HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- The Validation of Mortality Risk Indexes for Predicting Long-Term Outcomes in People Living with HIV in a Spanish Cohort (eVIHa).Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Long-term, bidirectional associations between depressive symptom severity and opioid use among people with HIV: A prospective cohort study.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma After Hepatitis C Infection.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Developing and Validating an Inclusive and Cost-Effective Prediction Algorithm for Survival and Death Among People Living With HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: Protocol for a Meta-Analysis and Case-Control and Cost-Effectiveness Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Comparison of 2 electronic health record data extraction methods for laboratory tests used in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index.JAMIA open · 2025Article
- Healthy Aging and the Gut Microbiome in People With and Without HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a mortality risk prediction index score for adults living with HIV and multiple chronic comorbidities.International journal of population data science · 2025Article
- The Use of a Tailored Decision Aid to Improve Understanding of Lung Cancer Screening in People With HIV.Chest · 2025Observational
- Effectiveness of dolutegravir-based regimens compared to raltegravir-, elvitegravir-, bictegravir, and darunavir-based regimens among older adults with HIV in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS).AIDS research and therapy · 2024Article
- Contribution of Potentially Inappropriate Medications to Polypharmacy-Associated Risk of Mortality in Middle-Aged Patients: A National Cohort Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Observational
- Adaptation of a Tailored Lung Cancer Screening Decision Aid for People With HIV.CHEST pulmonary · 2024Article
- Prognostic prediction models for treatment experienced people living with HIV: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2024Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDespite viral suppression and immune response on antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV infection experience excess mortality compared with uninfected individuals. The Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index incorporates clinical biomarkers of general health with age, CD4 cell count, and HIV-1 RNA to discriminate mortality risk in a variety of HIV-positive populations. We asked whether additional biomarkers further enhance discrimination. DESIGN AND
methodsUsing patients from VACS for development and from the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration (ART-CC) for validation, we obtained laboratory values from a randomly selected visit from 2000 to 2014, at least 1 year after antiretroviral therapy initiation. Patients were followed for 5-year, all-cause mortality through September 2016. We fitted Cox models with established predictors and added new predictors based on model fit and Harrell's c-statistic. We converted all variables to continuous functional forms and selected the best model (VACS Index 2.0) for validation in ART-CC patients. We compared discrimination using c-statistics and Kaplan-Meier plots.
resultsAmong 28 390 VACS patients and 12 109 ART-CC patients, 7293 and 722 died, respectively. Nadir CD4, CD8, and CD4 : CD8 ratio did not improve discrimination. Addition of albumin, white blood count, and BMI, improved c-statistics in VACS from 0.776 to 0.805 and in ART-CC from 0.800 to 0.831. Results were robust in all nine ART-CC cohorts, all lengths of follow-up and all subgroups.
conclusionVACS Index 2.0, adding albumin, white blood count, and BMI to version 1.0 and using continuous variables, provides improved discrimination and is highly transportable to external settings.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.