ArticleAIDS (London, England)2019
HIV-exposed-uninfected infants have increased inflammation and monocyte activation.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of revised peer-counselor support on the PMTCT cascade of care: results from a cluster-randomized trial in Kenya (the EMMA study).BMC infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Effect of Maternal Immunization With 10-Valent Pneumococcus Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-10), 23-Valent Pneumococcus Polysaccharide Vaccine, or Placebo on the Immunogenicity of PCV-10 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Longitudinal assessment of inflammatory biomarkers among youth with perinatal HIV infection and HIV exposure.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Left Ventricular Changes and Inflammatory Biomarkers in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants in Jos, Northcentral Nigeria.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Maternal Inflammation Likely Drives Impaired Immune Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Persistent neuroimmune alterations in children who are HIV-exposed but uninfected at age 6-7 years: Associations with language development in a South African birth cohort.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into the impact of prenatal viral infections on maternal and offspring immunity.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Plasma Inflammatory Biomarkers Lack Strong Association With Cognitive Outcomes Among Young Adults With Perinatal HIV Exposure and/or Acquisition.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Impaired clinical, biological, and cytokine patterns in HIV-1 exposed uninfected newborns in Yaoundé: A comparative study of neonatal immune vulnerability.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2026Article
- The Effects of In Utero HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy Exposure on Infant T-Cell and Monocyte Activation, Function, and Regulation of Immune-Modulatory Pathways.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Characterizing immune activation in HIV-exposed but uninfected infants in the first year of life.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Immunity to six vaccine pathogens in HIV positive and HIV negative children in Equatorial Guinea.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Altered milk tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites in women living with HIV.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Maternal and early-life longitudinal cytokine profiles in a South African birth cohort: the impact of HIV.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Structural brain differences in school-aged children who are HIV-exposed uninfected.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Antiretroviral-Induced Toxicity in Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Haematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Prevalence and associated factors with low birth weight among human immunodeficiency virus exposed infants between 2004 and 2021 in Hubei, China: a retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Cord blood innate-like T cell responses in neonates born to healthy women and women living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV-exposed-uninfected (HEU) infants have increased infectious morbidity and mortality; little is known about their levels of inflammation and monocyte activation.
methodsPlasma samples obtained at birth and 6 months from 86 HEU mother-infant pairs enrolled in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development cohorts in Brazil were compared with 88 HIV-unexposed mother-infant pairs. HIV-infected mothers received antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, their infants received zidovudine prophylaxis and were not breastfed. IL-6, soluble TNFα receptor I (sTNF-RI) and II, soluble CD14, soluble CD163, IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), vascular cell adhesion molecule, oxidized LDL, D-dimer and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were assayed by ELISA at birth and at 6 months. sTNF-RI and IL-6 were considered coprimary endpoints.
resultsAmong HIV-infected mothers, 79% had HIV-RNA less than 400 copies/ml prior to delivery. Compared with HIV-unexposed, HEU infants had a lower mean gestational age (38.7 vs. 39.3 weeks) and weight (3.1 vs. 3.3 kg); and reached lower weight (5.9 vs. 8.5 kg) and height (53.6 vs. 68.8 cm) at 6 months. With the exception of vascular cell adhesion molecule, inflammatory markers were generally higher (P ≤ 0.005) in HEU at birth, but at 6 months only sTNF-RI and IL-6 remained higher. For HEU pairs, only IP-10 was associated with maternal levels at birth (P < 0.001). In HEU, elevated levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and IP-10 at birth were associated with lower weight at birth (P = 0.04) and at 6 months (P = 0.04).
conclusionHIV-exposed infants have heightened inflammation and monocyte activation at birth, which for some markers persisted to 6 months of life and was not related to maternal inflammatory status. Inflammation may contribute to the increased HEU infectious morbidity and poor growth.
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