Trial reportAIDS (London, England)2019
Long-term effects of unintended pregnancy on antiretroviral therapy outcomes among South African women living with HIV.
Trial report in AIDS (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Unintended pregnancy among women living with HIV and its predictors in East Africa, 2024. A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Why do Integrated Maternal HIV and Infant Healthcare Services work? A Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Controlled Trial in South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- HIV Status and Its Associated Factors of Children Born to HIV-Positive Mothers on ART at Gambella Public Hospitals, South West Ethiopia, 2024.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Community-based family planning resources and modern contraceptive use among young women living with HIV in semi-rural northern Uganda: a mixed-method study.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Attitudes and beliefs towards contraception and future intention to use a method among women in refugee settlements in Uganda.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2025Article
- Determinants of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among seropositive pregnant women at public health facilities in Dessie Town, Ethiopia, 2024.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2025Review
- IAPSM Position Paper on Vertical Transmission of HIV from Mother to Child.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2024Article
- Unintended pregnancies among HIV-positive women in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2023Article
- Contraceptive use and associated factors among women of reproductive age on antiretroviral therapy in Awabel Woreda health centers, Northwest Ethiopia.SAGE open medicine · 2023Article
- Magnitude of unintended pregnancy and its determinants among childbearing age women in low and middle-income countries: evidence from 61 low and middle income countries.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2023Article
- Intimate partner violence and HIV treatment adherence in urban South Africa: Mediating role of perinatal common mental disorders.SSM. Mental health · 2022Article
- Trend, multivariate decomposition and spatial variations of unintended pregnancy among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: evidence from demographic and health surveys.Tropical medicine and health · 2022Article
- Low Rates of Contraception Use in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
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- Article
- Contraceptive trajectories postpartum: A longitudinal qualitative study of women living with HIV in Cape Town, South Africa.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- Attitudes Toward Pregnancy Among Women Enrolled in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Services in Moshi, Tanzania.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- The role of unintended pregnancy in internalized stigma among women living with HIV in Kenya.BMC women's health · 2021Article
- Unintended pregnancy and viral suppression in pregnant women living with HIV.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2021Article
- Interactions between Hormonal Contraception and Anti-Retroviral Therapy: An Updated Review.Current obstetrics and gynecology reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveUnintended pregnancies are common among women living with HIV, but there are no data on their long-term impact on treatment outcomes. In a cohort of women initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy, we examined the association between the intendedness of the current pregnancy, measured antenatally, and elevated viral load up to 5 years postpartum.
designProspective study with enrolment at entry into antenatal care and follow-up at study visits separate from routine care.
methodsAt enrolment women completed the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy. Mixed effects models examined the impact of the intendedness of the pregnancy (planned versus each of unplanned or ambivalent, respectively) on viral load 50 or more copies/ml across postpartum study visits.
resultsOverall, 459 women were followed for a median of 43 months postpartum, contributing 2535 viral load measures (median per woman: 6). Ambivalent and unplanned pregnancy were commonly reported (20 and 60%, respectively), and the proportion of women with elevated viral load increased over time (16% at 6 weeks to 43% by 36-60 months postpartum). Compared with those reporting a planned pregnancy, elevated viral load was more common among women reporting an unplanned pregnancy (odds ratio: 2.87; 95% confidence interval: 1.46-5.64), with a trend towards a higher odds among those reporting ambivalence (odds ratio: 2.19; 95% confidence interval: 0.97-4.82); associations persisted after adjustment for a wide range of demographic, clinical and psychosocial factors.
conclusionThese novel data suggest that unplanned pregnancy may be a prevalent and persistent predictor of poor ART outcomes among women initiating ART during pregnancy.
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