ArticleHuman brain mapping2019
Maturation changes the excitability and effective connectivity of the frontal lobe: A developmental TMS-EEG study.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cortical Excitability, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cognition in Benign Epilepsy With Centrotemporal Spikes: A Pilot TMS-EMG-EEG Study.Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society · 2020Trial
- MEG Evidence of Concurrent Bilateral and Hemisphere-Specific Developmental Patterns in Auditory Cortex.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Clinical utility and prospective of TMS-EEG: Updated review from an international expert group.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Long-latency auditory evoked responses across species show increased amplitude during early life.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Stability of transcranial magnetic stimulation electroencephalogram evoked potentials in pediatric epilepsy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Age-related differences in transient gamma band activity during working memory maintenance through adolescence.NeuroImage · 2023Article
- The external evocation and movement-related modulation of motor cortex inhibition in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome - a TMS/EEG study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- TMS-EEG Biomarkers of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer's Disease: A Proof-of-Concept Six Years Prospective Study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Longitudinal associations of physical activity and pubertal development with academic achievement in adolescents.Journal of sport and health science · 2020Article
- Maturation changes the excitability and effective connectivity of the frontal lobe: A developmental TMS-EEG study.Human brain mapping · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation with simultaneous electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) offers direct neurophysiological insight into excitability and connectivity within neural circuits. However, there have been few developmental TMS-EEG studies to date, and they all have focused on primary motor cortex stimulation. In the present study, we used navigated high-density TMS-EEG to investigate the maturation of the superior frontal cortex (dorsal premotor cortex [PMd]), which is involved in a broad range of motor and cognitive functions known to develop with age. We demonstrated that reactivity to frontal cortex TMS decreases with development. We also showed that although frontal cortex TMS elicits an equally complex TEP waveform in all age groups, the statistically significant between-group differences in the topography of the TMS-evoked peaks and differences in current density maps suggest changes in effective connectivity of the right PMd with maturation. More generally, our results indicate that direct study of the brain's excitability and effective connectivity via TMS-EEG co-registration can also be applied to pediatric populations outside the primary motor cortex, and may provide useful information for developmental studies and studies on developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.
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