ReviewEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2020
The causal web of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a review and causal diagram.
Review in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intervention Models and Behaviour Change Techniques to Reduce the Risk of Alcohol Exposed Pregnancies: A Systematic Review of Interventions for Non-pregnant Women.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2026Review
- Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and the Development of Multiple Risk Behaviors in Adolescence: A Birth Cohort Study.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Exploring Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) From an Aboriginal Lens in Western Australia: Survey Results to Inform Cultural Security, Policy, and Service Delivery.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Infant/Child-Caregiver Attachment: A Scoping Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Knowledge as prevention: A cost-effective intervention to reduce prenatal alcohol exposure.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Clinical Features of Typically Developing Children with and without Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- A randomized controlled trial of Native CHOICES: Impact on alcohol-exposed pregnancy risk reduction among American Indian and Alaska Native women.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Prenatal alcohol exposure before pregnancy awareness: a thematic analysis of online forum comments and misinformation.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Maternal and paternal risk factors associated with diagnoses within the continuum of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in the USA: Proximal and distal influences.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Prenatal Exposures, Diagnostic Outcomes, and Life Experiences of Children and Youths with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Distal variables.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder diagnostic clinic capacity in Canadian Provinces and territories.PloS one · 2024Article
- Associations between prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure on Doppler flow velocity waveforms in pregnancy: a South African study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Birth Defects Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure-A Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A harmonized analysis of five Canadian pregnancy cohort studies: exploring the characteristics and pregnancy outcomes associated with prenatal alcohol exposure.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Reducing Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and the Incidence of FASD: Is the Past Prologue?Alcohol research : current reviews · 2023Review
- Low to Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Narrative Review and Methodological Considerations.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2023Review
- Screening for Alcohol Use in Pregnancy: a Review of Current Practices and Perspectives.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2023Article
- The prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in rural communities in South Africa: A third regional sample of child characteristics and maternal risk factors.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Article
- The Alcohol Industry and Social Responsibility: Links to FASD.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a leading cause of developmental disability. Prenatal alcohol use is the sole necessary cause of FASD, but it is not always sufficient. Multiple factors influence a child's susceptibility to FASD following prenatal alcohol exposure. Much of the FASD risk factor literature has been limited to discussions of association, rather than causation. While knowledge of predictor variables is important for identifying who is most at risk of FASD and for targeting interventions, causal knowledge is important for identifying effective mechanisms for prevention and intervention programmes. We conducted a systematic search and narrative synthesis of the evidence and used this to create a causal diagram (directed acyclic graph; DAG) to describe the causal pathways to FASD. Our results show that the aetiology of FASD is multifaceted and complex. FASD risk is determined by a range of lifestyle, sociodemographic, maternal, social, gestational, and genetic factors. The causal diagram that we present in this review provides a comprehensive summary of causal risk factors for FASD and can be used as a tool to inform data collection and statistical modelling strategies to minimise bias in future studies of FASD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.