ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2019
Depressive symptoms, resilience, and personality traits in dry eye disease.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dry Eye Disease and personality: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review of the Use of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index Across Different Disease Areas.Advances in therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Decoding and reconstructing disease relations between dry eye and depression: a multimodal investigation comprising meta-analysis, genetic pathways and Mendelian randomization.Journal of advanced research · 2025Pooled it
- Dry eye disease and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- Laughter Exercise for Symptomatic Improvement in Dry Eye Following Cataract Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Trial
- Ocular surface disease and psychological distress in central serous chorioretinopathy.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Psychological impact and intervention strategies for unaccompanied patients in pediatric intensive care units: a narrative review.Translational pediatrics · 2026Review
- Associations Between Dry Eye Disease and Mental Health Conditions in the All of Us Research Program.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Research on interdisciplinary measurement and evolutionary path in the field of ophthalmology.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Mediation Effect of Resilience Between Social Support and Depression Symptoms in Patients With Strabismus: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- New Korean Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2024Article
- Association Between Dry Eye Disease with Anxiety and Depression Among Medical Sciences Students in Qassim Region: Cortisol Levels in Tears as a Stress Biomarker.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- Article
- Real-World Effectiveness, Tolerability and Safety of Cyclosporine A 0.1% Cationic Emulsion in Severe Keratitis and Dry Eye Treatment.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Article
- Role of neuroticism and perceived stress on quality of life among patients with dry eye disease.Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- Anxiety and depression in dry eye patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Mental state investigation and influencing factor analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Relationship Between Dry Eye Disease and Emotional Disorder: The Mediating Effect of Health Anxiety.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Unmet Need for Mental Healthcare of Major Depressive Disorder in Community-Dwelling Chinese People Living With Vision Disability.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Differences of Anxiety and Depression in Dry Eye Disease Patients According to Age Groups.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- The Association Between Dry Eye and Sleep Disorders: The Evidence and Possible Mechanisms.Nature and science of sleep · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeDry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface that leads to symptoms of discomfort and reduces quality of life. Several studies have shown an association with depression. We investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their severity in DED patients and examined whether depressive symptoms correlate with signs, symptoms, or subtypes of DED or with psychological factors (resilience, premorbid personality, and subjective well-being).
methodsThis cross-sectional study (n = 64, mean age 56.72, 70% women) was conducted at the Dry Eye Clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Düsseldorf. Psychological assessment included the Beck Depression Inventory, revised version (BDI-II); World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5); 13-item Resilience Scale (RS-13); and Munich Personality Test (MPT). DED parameters were assessed by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schirmer test (ST), tear film break-up time (TBUT), and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS). As the reference for the BDI-II depression score, we used standard values from a German sample of healthy individuals (n = 582, 66% women). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the effects of various parameters on depressive symptoms. Associations between variables were examined by Pearson or Spearman correlation tests.
resultsAmong all participants, 61% had depressive symptoms (25% minimal, 14% mild, 17% moderate, and 5% severe). The mean BDI-II score (11.95, ± 8.46) was significantly higher than in the healthy reference group (p < .0001). It was not correlated with the severity of signs or symptoms of DED or with its subtypes, but it was significantly negatively correlated with resilience (p < .0001) and subjective well-being (p < .0001). Depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with the premorbid personality trait extraversion (p = .036) and frustration tolerance (p < .0001) and positively correlated with premorbid neuroticism (p = .001), isolation tendencies (p = .014), and esoteric tendencies (p = .001).
conclusionsDepressive symptoms of all degrees of severity are common in DED patients, but they are not associated with the severity of signs or symptoms of DED. Subjective well-being, resilience, and premorbid personality do not correlate with the signs or symptoms of DED, but they do correlate with depressive symptoms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.