Observational studyDiabetologia2019
Maternal glucose levels during pregnancy and childhood adiposity in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study.
Observational study in Diabetologia, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk Factors in the First 1000 Days of Life Associated With Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Risk Factor Quality Assessment.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Identification and Potential Clinical Utility of Common Genetic Variants in Gestational Diabetes among Chinese Pregnant Women.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Pooled it
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Guideline
- Lifestyle intervention during pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Risk factors of early-onset type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes & vascular disease researchPooled it
- Physical activity in infancy is associated with body composition at age three.BMC public health · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Time restricted eating and exercise training before and during pregnancy for people with increased risk of gestational diabetes: single centre randomised controlled trial (BEFORE THE BEGINNING).BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Trial
- REduced-Carbohydrate intervention for managing Obesity and Reduction of gestational Diabetes (RECORD): A randomized controlled feasibility trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2024Trial
- Subsidized gestational diabetes mellitus screening and management program in rural China: a pragmatic multicenter, randomized controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2024Trial
- Impact of preconception and antenatal supplementation with myo-inositol, probiotics, and micronutrients on offspring BMI and weight gain over the first 2 years.BMC medicine · 2024Trial
- Physical health and neurodevelopmental outcome in 7-year-old children whose mothers were at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2023Trial
- Associations between maternal and offspring glucose metabolism: a 9-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Maternal dysglycaemia, changes in the infant's epigenome modified with a diet and physical activity intervention in pregnancy: Secondary analysis of a randomised control trial.PLoS medicine · 2020Trial
- Article
- Sex-specific effects of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus on offspring neurodevelopment: persistent hippocampal neurogenesis deficits in female but not male offspring.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Maternal Obesity, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Offspring's Body Mass Index Trajectories From Birth to Age 6 Years: Glucose in Relation to Women and Babies' Health (GrownB) Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Article
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisMaternal type 2 diabetes during pregnancy and gestational diabetes are associated with childhood adiposity; however, associations of lower maternal glucose levels during pregnancy with childhood adiposity, independent of maternal BMI, remain less clear. The objective was to examine associations of maternal glucose levels during pregnancy with childhood adiposity in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) cohort.
methodsThe HAPO Study was an observational epidemiological international multi-ethnic investigation that established strong associations of glucose levels during pregnancy with multiple adverse perinatal outcomes. The HAPO Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS) included 4832 children from ten HAPO centres whose mothers had a 75 g OGTT at ~28 weeks gestation 10-14 years earlier, with glucose values blinded to participants and clinical caregivers. The primary outcome was child adiposity, including: (1) being overweight/obese according to sex- and age-specific cut-offs based on the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria; (2) IOTF-defined obesity only; and (3) measurements >85th percentile for sum of skinfolds, waist circumference and per cent body fat. Primary predictors were maternal OGTT and HbA
resultsFully adjusted models that included maternal BMI at pregnancy OGTT indicated positive associations between maternal glucose predictors and child adiposity outcomes. For one SD difference in pregnancy glucose and HbA CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationExposure to higher levels of glucose in utero is independently associated with childhood adiposity, including being overweight/obese, obesity, skinfold thickness, per cent body fat and waist circumference. Glucose levels less than those diagnostic of diabetes are associated with greater childhood adiposity; this may have implications for long-term metabolic health.
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