ArticleMolecular autism2019
Autism spectrum disorders, endocrine disrupting compounds, and heavy metals in amniotic fluid: a case-control study.
Article in Molecular autism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Steroid hormone pathways, vitamin D and autism: a systematic review.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023Pooled it
- The Association between Prenatal Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Exposure and Neurobehavioral Problems in Offspring: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Early-life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and autistic traits in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- The Thyroid Under Pressure: Heavy Metals, Endocrine Disruptors and Translational Insights into Carcinogenesis and Thyroid Dysfunctions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The prenatal sex steroid theory of autism after 25 years.Nature human behaviour · 2026Review
- Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of autism spectrum disorder in the California Central Valley, 2004-2010.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Advancing understanding of the mechanisms of autism spectrum disorder through perinatal risk factors.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- A Noisy Signal? Geographic Bias in FAERS Reports Linking Paracetamol to Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Bibliometric and visual analysis of global research on endocrine-disrupting chemicals and children's health: evidence, emerging concerns, and research gaps.Global health action · 2025Article
- Heavy metals exposure and risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among school children in Makassar City, Indonesia.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Health Impacts of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs): A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Outcomes Related to Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of the Literature and Current Recommendations for Clinicians.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Review
- Adverse outcome pathway for the neurotoxicity of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A systematic review.Eco-Environment & Health · 2024Review
- Prenatal Nutritional Factors and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Association between pre- and postnatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes: an extensive review.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2024Article
- Sex-specific impacts of prenatal bisphenol A exposure on genes associated with cortical development, social behaviors, and autism in the offspring's prefrontal cortex.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Article
- Environmental pollution and extreme weather conditions: insights into the effect on mental health.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Striatal insights: a cellular and molecular perspective on repetitive behaviors in pathology.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Current Review of Increasing Animal Health Threat of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Harms, Limitations, and Alternatives to Manage Their Toxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Evidence has indicated that some non-inherited factors such as exposure to environmental pollutants are associated with neurodevelopment disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies report that endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), including polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and some metals, have adverse effects on the fetal neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to measure the amniotic fluid (AF) levels of EDCs and metals as well as the receptor transactivities induced by AF and investigate the possible link between prenatal exposure to EDCs and heavy metals and ASD risk. Methods: In this case-control study, we included AF samples of 75 ASD cases and 135 frequency-matched controls and measured the levels of the endogenous sex hormones, PFAS, and elements including heavy metals. The combined effect of endogenous hormones and EDCs on the receptor of estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), and thyroid hormone-like activity were also determined and expressed as receptor ligand equivalents. We assessed the associations of AF levels of chemicals, sex hormones, and receptor activities with ASD risk using unconditional logistical regression analyses. To control for multiple comparisons, the false discovery rate (FDR) was used and Results: PFAS and metals were detectable in AF samples. The ASD cases had significantly lower AF levels of PFAS than controls, and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 0.410 (95% CI 0.174, 0.967; Conclusions: The presence of PFAS and heavy metals in AF indicates that they can cross the placenta. The inverse association between levels of PFAS congeners in AF and ASD risk might relate to the weak estrogenic activities and anti-androgenic activities of PFAS.The observed tendency of positive association between the ratio of combined androgenic effect to the combined estrogenic effect and ASD risk needs further studies to explore whether EDCs together with endogenous hormones play a role in the development of ASD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.