ArticleAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2019
Species-specific inhibition of antiviral protein kinase R by capripoxviruses and vaccinia virus.
Article in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monkeypox virus replication and host response in vaginal and ectocervical epithelial cells.Virulence · 2026Article
- Exploration of the protein and pharmacological landscape of monkeypox virus treatment: from entry point to end point.Molecular diversity · 2026Review
- Divergence in poxvirus-encoded E3-like proteins can dictate poxvirus activation of cellular necroptosis.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Molecular Determinants of Species-Specific Interactions Between Protein Kinase R and Poxvirus K3 Orthologs.Viruses · 2025Article
- Viral interferon antagonism shapes host tropism.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Poxvirus K3 Orthologs Regulate NF-κB-Dependent Inflammatory Responses by Targeting the PKR-eIF2α Axis in Multiple Species.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Human Riboviruses: A Comprehensive Study.Journal of molecular evolution · 2025Review
- Regulation of innate immunity by liquid-liquid phase separation: a focus on veterinary viruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Host species-specific activity of the poxvirus PKR inhibitors E3 and K3 mediate host range function.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Article
- MPXV infection impairs IFN response but is partially sensitive to IFN-γ antiviral effect.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2024Article
- The unique immune evasion mechanisms of the mpox virus and their implication for developing new vaccines and immunotherapies.Virologica Sinica · 2024Review
- Systematic genetic characterization of the human PKR kinase domain highlights its functional malleability to escape a poxvirus substrate mimic.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Tanapox Virus and Yaba Monkey Tumor Virus K3 Orthologs Inhibit Primate Protein Kinase R in a Species-Specific Fashion.Viruses · 2024Article
- Cross-species transmission and host range genes in poxviruses.Virologica Sinica · 2024Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Poxvirus Evolution.mBio · 2023Review
- Article
- Crocodilepox Virus Protein 157 Is an Independently Evolved Inhibitor of Protein Kinase R.Viruses · 2022Article
- Antagonism of Protein Kinase R by Large DNA Viruses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) is an important and rapidly evolving antiviral kinase. Most poxviruses contain two distinct PKR inhibitors, called E3 and K3 in vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototypic orthopoxvirus. E3 prevents PKR homodimerization by binding double-stranded RNA, while K3 acts as a pseudosubstrate inhibitor by binding directly to activated PKR and thereby inhibiting interaction with its substrate eIF2α. In our study here, we analyzed E3 and K3 orthologs from the phylogenetically distinct capripoxviruses (CaPVs), which include lumpy skin disease virus, sheeppox virus, and goatpox virus. Whereas the sheeppox virus E3 ortholog did not substantially inhibit PKR, all three CaPV K3 orthologs showed species-specific inhibition of PKR, with strong inhibition of sheep, goat, and human PKR but only weak inhibition of cow and mouse PKR. In contrast, VACV K3 strongly inhibited cow and mouse PKR but not sheep, goat, or human PKR. Infection of cell lines from the respective species with engineered VACV strains that contained different K3 orthologs showed a good correlation of PKR inhibition with virus replication and eIF2α phosphorylation. Our results show that K3 orthologs can have dramatically different effects on PKR of different species and indicate that effective PKR inhibition by K3 orthologs is crucial for virus replication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.