ArticlePeerJ2019
Fluoxetine-induced alteration of murine gut microbial community structure: evidence for a microbial endocrinology-based mechanism of action responsible for fluoxetine-induced side effects.
Article in PeerJ, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmaco-psychiatry and gut microbiome: a systematic review of effects of psychotropic drugs for bipolar disorder.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Gut Microbiota Modulation in CNS Disorders: Therapeutic Strategies and Implications for Drug Efficacy.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Weight Gain During SSRI Therapy: The Potential Role of the Gut Microbiota-A Narrative Review and Mechanistic Hypothesis.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Fluoxetine-Induced Changes in Escherichia coli Physiology: Effects of Secreted Metabolites on Cell Viability and Colistin Susceptibility.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Akkermansia Muciniphila vs. Fluoxetine: Amelioration of Depression-like Behaviors and Cognitive Dysfunction Through Distinct Neurobiological Mechanisms.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Article
- Environmental Consequences of Anthropogenic Pollution: Non-antibiotic-Drug-Driven Antibiotic Resistance Selection in a Model Aquatic Ecosystem.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Exploring the etiology of colitis: insights from gut microbiota research.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: From Experimental Models to Probiotic Application with a Special Focus onNutrients · 2025Review
- The bidirectional interaction between antidepressants and the gut microbiota: are there implications for treatment response?International clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Microbiome: A Key Regulator of Body-Brain Interactions.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Gut microbiome and major depressive disorder: insights from two-sample Mendelian randomization.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Human microbiota from drug-naive patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder drives behavioral symptoms and neuroinflammation via succinic acid in mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Mind, Mood and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Integrating the gut microbiome and pharmacology.Science translational medicine · 2024Review
- Are probiotics effective in reducing the metabolic side effects of psychiatric medication? A scoping review of evidence from clinical studies.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Reelin in the Enteric Nervous System and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Implications for Depression and Antidepressant Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Longitudinal Influence of Prescribed Antidepressants on Fecal and Oral Microbiomes Among Veterans With Major Depressive Disorder.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Article
- Rhabdomyolysis in a male adolescent associated with monotherapy of fluvoxamine.European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice · 2023Article
- Influence of food-derived bioactives on gut microbiota compositions and their metabolites by focusing on neurotransmitters.Food science and biotechnology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDepression and major depressive disorder affect 25% of the population. First line treatment utilizing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have met with limited success due to well-recognized negative side effects which include weight gain or loss. This inability to control unwanted side effects often result in patients stopping their antidepressant medications. The mechanisms underlying the failure of SSRIs are incompletely understood.
methodsMale CF-1 mice (5 weeks of age,
resultsDaily per oral administration of fluoxetine for 29 days to male mice resulted in a significant, time dependent, alteration in microbial communities accompanying changes in body weight. The calculated species richness and diversity indicators of the murine fecal microbial communities were inconsistent and not significantly different between the groups. Among the phylotypes decreased in abundance due to fluoxetine administration were DISCUSSION: We report that the most widely used antidepressant, fluoxetine, which is an SSRI-type drug, results in the selective depletion of gut microbiota, specifically the Lactobacilli which are involved in the regulation of body weight. Concomitantly, fluoxetine administration increases the abundance of phylotypes related to dysbiosis. Since Lactobacilli have been previously shown to possess a known biogenic amine transporter that regulates the uptake of fluoxetine, it is proposed that a microbial endocrinology-based mechanistic pathway is responsible for the ability of SSRIs to selectively negatively impact beneficial microbiota. The results of this study therefore suggest that the negative clinical side effects due to fluoxetine administration may be due to alterations in gut microbiota. Further, the data also suggests that supplementation of bacterial genera directly affected by fluoxetine administration may prove useful in ameliorating some of the well-known side effects of chronic fluoxetine administration such as weight alterations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.