ReviewTremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)2018
Merging the Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy of Tics.
Review in Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Emerging therapeutic approaches for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders - a systematic review of current clinical trials.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Movement disorders in patients with Rett syndrome: A systematic review of evidence and associated clinical considerations.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2021Pooled it
- Cognitive control processes in behavior therapy for youth with Tourette's disorder.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2022Trial
- Clinical significance of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin levels in children with tic disorders.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Effect of CYP2D6 and ABCB1 polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics and efficacy of aripiprazole in pediatric tic disorders.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- A Tourette Syndrome/ADHD-like Phenotype Results from Postnatal Disruption of CBInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- MCP-1 Is Elevated in the Cerebral Fluid of Children With Tourette Syndrome: Case Series and Literature Review.Brain and behavior · 2025Review
- Clonidine Ameliorates Neuroinflammation in the Rat Model of Tourette Syndrome.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Correlation of repetitive behaviors in deer mice with striatal mRNA expression of endogenous opioids and mu, delta, kappa, and dopamine receptors: A preliminary report.Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Onset of tics in an elderly patient undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a case report.Oxford medical case reports · 2025Article
- Evidence Based Research on Medication Patterns in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Tic Disorders: A Complete Review.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Review
- MicroRNA-429 Inhibits Microglial Inflammation by TargetingMediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- Dual bilateral stimulation of the nucleus accumbens and the centromedian thalamus for treatment of intractable Tourette syndrome.Surgical neurology international · 2025Article
- Clinical efficacy and effect on neurotransmitter levels of Shaoma Zhijing granules in children with tic disorders.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Symptoms and sleep characteristics of tic disorder children with allergic diseases: a case-control study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Approach to Primary Tic Disorders and Associated Psychiatric Comorbidities.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Clonidine Patch for Tourette Syndrome With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Psychiatry investigation · 2024Article
- Article
- Tic Cough in an Adolescent with Organic Brain Pathology-A Case Report and Literature Review.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- A review of common influencing factors and possible mechanisms associated with allergic diseases complicating tic disorders in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Anatomically, cortical-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBGTC) circuits have an essential role in the expression of tics. At the biochemical level, the proper conveyance of messages through these circuits requires several functionally integrated neurotransmitter systems. In this manuscript, evidence supporting proposed pathophysiological abnormalities, both anatomical and chemical is reviewed. In addition, the results of standard and emerging tic-suppressing therapies affecting nine separate neurotransmitter systems are discussed. The goal of this review is to integrate our current understanding of the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome (TS) with present and proposed pharmacotherapies for tic suppression. Methods: For this manuscript, literature searches were conducted for both current basic science and clinical information in PubMed, Google-Scholar, and other scholarly journals to September 2018. Results: The precise primary site of abnormality for tics remains undetermined. Although many pathophysiologic hypotheses favor a specific abnormality of the cortex, striatum, or globus pallidus, others recognize essential influences from regions such as the thalamus, cerebellum, brainstem, and ventral striatum. Some prefer an alteration within direct and indirect pathways, whereas others believe this fails to recognize the multiple interactions within and between CBGTC circuits. Although research and clinical evidence supports involvement of the dopaminergic system, additional data emphasizes the potential roles for several other neurotransmitter systems. Discussion: A greater understanding of the primary neurochemical defect in TS would be extremely valuable for the development of new tic-suppressing therapies. Nevertheless, recognizing the varied and complex interactions that exist in a multi-neurotransmitter system, successful therapy may not require direct targeting of the primary abnormality.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.