ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Ginsenoside Rb1 Blocks Ritonavir-Induced Oxidative Stress and eNOS Downregulation through Activation of Estrogen Receptor-Beta and Upregulation of SOD in Human Endothelial Cells.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Panax notoginseng saponins on functional outcome in obese patients with acute ischemic stroke.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- Nanocomposite scaffolds incorporating ginsenoside Rg1-loaded ZIF-8 nanoparticles for enhanced osteogenesis and bone regeneration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Protective effects of ginsenosides in cerebral small vessel disease: Cellular and molecular mechanisms.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Review
- Biological and Molecular Efficiency of Paracentrotus lividus Shell in vitro Study: Antioxidant and Angiogenesis Effects Against T47D Breast Cancer Cell Line Via Nrf2/HMOX-1/ and HIF-1α /VEGF Signaling Pathways.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- Chronic Treatment with Panax ginseng and Angelica keiskei Decreases Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelial Function in Ovariectomized Rats.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Biosynthesis of palladium, platinum, and their bimetallic nanoparticles using rosemary and ginseng herbal plants: evaluation of anticancer activity.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Modulation of Multidrug Resistance Protein 1-mediated Transport Processes by the Antiviral Drug Ritonavir in Cultured Primary Astrocytes.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- Glutathione: A Key Regulator of Extracellular Matrix and Cell Death in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Mediators of inflammation · 2024Review
- Evaluating pediatric tuberculosis dosing guidelines: A model-based individual data pooled analysis.PLoS medicine · 2023Article
- Cytoprotective Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Cancer Chemoresistance: Focus on Antioxidant, Antiapoptotic, and Pro-Autophagy Properties.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Ginsenoside Rb1 protects human vascular smooth muscle cells against resistin-induced oxidative stress and dysfunction.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity through the NR2B/ERK/CREB/BDNF signalingsJournal of ginseng research · 2022Article
- Exosomes: Potential Player in Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2022Review
- Recent progress (2015-2020) in the investigation of the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside RbJournal of ginseng research · 2022Review
- Mechanisms of ginsenosides exert neuroprotective effects on spinal cord injury: A promising traditional Chinese medicine.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Pharmacological Efficacy of Ginseng against Respiratory Tract Infections.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on second-degree burn wound healing and FGF-2/PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β pathway modulation.Chinese medicine · 2021Article
- The Effect of 42-Day Exposure to a Low Deoxynivalenol Dose on the Immunohistochemical Expression of Intestinal ERs and the Activation ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Integrated Strategy of Network Pharmacological Prediction and Experimental Validation Elucidate Possible Mechanism of Bu-Yang Herbs in Treating Postmenopausal Osteoporosis via ESR1.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have previously shown that ritonavir (RTV), a highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) drug, can cause endothelial dysfunction through oxidative stress. Several antioxidants including ginsenoside Rb1, a compound with antioxidant effect, can effectively block this side effect of RTV in endothelial cells. In the current study, we explored a mechanism by which ginsenoside Rb1 could protect these cells via binding of estrogen receptors (ERs). We found that several human endothelial cell lines differentially expressed ER-β and had very low levels of ER-α. RTV treatment significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the expression of endothelial nitric oxidase synthase (eNOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in HUVECs, while Rb1 effectively blocked these effects of RTV. These effects of Rb1 were effectively inhibited by silencing ER-β, indicating that ginsenoside Rb1 requires ER-β for its antioxidant activity in inhibiting the deleterious effect of RTV in human endothelial cells. Furthermore, Rb1 specifically activated ER-β transactivation activity by ER-β luciferase reporter assay. Rb1 competitively bound to ER-β, which was determined by the high sensitive fluorescent polarization assay.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.