ArticleCancers2019
Novel Immunoregulatory Functions of IL-18, an Accomplice of TGF-β1.
Article in Cancers, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Membrane IL-18 identifies a human macrophage subset with distinct proteomic and functional traits.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Assessment of Cytokines TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta-1, and IL-10 in Malaria Patients of the River Nile State , Sudan: A critical study of immune response.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- Exploring the Tumor Microenvironment in Osteosarcoma: Driver of Resistance and Progression.Cancers · 2025Review
- Salivary Interleukins as Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Psoriasis: Advances and Challenges in Diagnosis and Monitoring.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Review
- Tumor Microenvironment and Hydrogel-Based 3D Cancer Models for In Vitro Testing Immunotherapies.Cancers · 2022Review
- Managing the TME to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Immune System Modulation by the Adjuvants Poly (I:C) and Montanide ISA 720.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Oral cancer cell‑derived exosomes modulate natural killer cell activity by regulating the receptors on these cells.International journal of molecular medicine · 2020Article
- Review
- Bench-to-bedside translation of interleukin-15 for immunotherapy: principles and challenges.Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2020Article
- Editorial: TGF-β as a Key Regulator of NK and ILCs Development and Functions.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Cytokines Orchestrating the Natural Killer-Myeloid Cell Crosstalk in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Natural Killer Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- NK Cell Function Regulation by TGF-β-Induced Epigenetic Mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Review
- Tumor- and cytokine-primed human natural killer cells exhibit distinct phenotypic and transcriptional signatures.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
TGF-β1 is a pleiotropic factor exerting a strong regulatory role in several cell types, including immune cells. In NK cells it profoundly alters the surface expression of crucial activating and chemokine receptors. To understand which soluble signals might better contrast these effects, we cultured human NK cells in the presence of TGF-β1 and different innate and adaptive cytokines, generally referred as "immunostimulatory". These included IL-2, IL-15, IL-21, IL-27, and IL-18. Unexpectedly, IL-18 strengthened rather than contrasting important TGF-β1-mediated functions. In particular, IL-18 further reduced the expression of CX₃CR1 and NKp30, leading to the virtual abrogation of the triggering capability of this activating receptor. Moreover, IL-18 further increased the expression of CXCR4. The IL-18-mediated additive effect on NKp30 and CXCR4 expression involved transcriptional regulation and activation of MEK/ERK and/or p38MAPK. A proteomic approach quantified both surface and intracellular proteins significantly modified in cytokine-treated NK cells, thus giving global information on the biological processes involving TGF-β1 and IL-18. Our data support the concept that IL-18 may have a different behavior depending on the type of soluble factors characterizing the microenvironment. In a TGF-β1 rich milieu such as tumors, it may contribute to the impairment of both NK cells recruitment and killing capability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.