Trial reportJournal of psychiatric research2019
Sex differences in response to ketamine as a rapidly acting intervention for treatment resistant depression.
Trial report in Journal of psychiatric research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of ketamine for major depressive episodes at 2, 4, and 6-weeks post-treatment: A meta-analysis.Psychopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of esketamine nasal spray by sex in patients with treatment-resistant depression: findings from short-term randomized, controlled trials.Archives of women's mental health · 2022Trial
- Sex-dependent metabolism of ketamine and (Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2022Trial
- Body Mass Index as a Moderator of Treatment Response to Ketamine for Major Depressive Disorder.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyTrial
- Sex differences in placebo and antidepressant response to intranasal esketamine for treatment-resistant depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Oral Ketamine in Patients with Depression and Suicidality: A Retrospective Study.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Prediction of individual treatment allocation between electroconvulsive therapy or ketamine using the Personalized Advantage Index.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Insights for the Next Generation of Ketamine for the Treatment of Depressive Disorder.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Personalized use of ketamine and esketamine for treatment-resistant depression.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Sex Differences in the Antidepressant and Neurocognitive Effects of Nonconvulsive Electrotherapy in Patients with Treatment-Refractory Depression.Alpha psychiatry · 2024Article
- Sex-specific effects of subchronic NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 treatment on hippocampal gamma oscillations.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- The Role of Glutamate Underlying Treatment-resistant Depression.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Sex and Estrous Cycle Are Not Mediators of S-Ketamine's Rapid-Antidepressant Behavioral Effects in a Genetic Rat Model of Depression.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Ketamine and serotonergic psychedelics: An update on the mechanisms and biosignatures underlying rapid-acting antidepressant treatment.Neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Ketamine promptly normalizes excess norepinephrine and enhances dopamine neuronal activity in Wistar Kyoto rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Key considerations for the use of ketamine and esketamine for the treatment of depression: focusing on administration, safety, and tolerability.Expert opinion on drug safety · 2022Review
- Exploring pharmacological options for adolescent depression: a preclinical evaluation with a sex perspective.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Sex Differences in the Behavioral, Molecular, and Structural Effects of Ketamine Treatment in Depression.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Review
- Ketamine treatment for depression: a review.Discover mental health · 2022Review
- Large-Scale Transcriptomics Studies Provide Insight Into Sex Differences in Depression.Biological psychiatry · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile ketamine has been increasingly studied for treatment resistant depression (TRD), the impact of sex differences on treatment outcomes has not been well studied. The objective was to ascertain whether there were differences in response to a single administration of ketamine for TRD between men and women, and between pre- and post-menopausal women.
methodsA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (N = 99; N = 50 male; N = 49 female) was conducted to investigate the efficacy of intravenous ketamine versus active placebo as augmentation of antidepressant therapy for TRD. Patients were assigned to one of five arms; one-time administration of ketamine of varying doses (i.e., 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg), and one group receiving active placebo (intravenous midazolam). A priori-planned analyses were conducted to compare responses between women and men, as well pre-vs. postmenopausal women.
resultsAnalyses demonstrated no significant differences between women and men in terms of treatment response (F(1,80) = 0.06, p = 0.80). There were no significant differences in the frequency of adverse effects (AEs) reported by those assigned to ketamine treatment groups (p > 0.21 for all AEs reported more than once), although women reported more headaches (12% vs. 6%, p = 0.30) and nausea (10% vs. 6%, p = 0.47). In comparing pre-vs. postmenopausal women, no differences in efficacy were observed (F(1,76) = 0.36, p = 0.55).
conclusionsResults do not support differential efficacy or tolerability of ketamine for the treatment of TRD between women and men, nor based on menopause status among women. However, larger trials with these a priori aims are needed to confirm these results.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.