ArticlePloS one2019
Diarrheal bacterial pathogens and multi-resistant enterobacteria in the Choqueyapu River in La Paz, Bolivia.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review on the laboratory methodology for conducting wastewater and environmental surveillance forFrontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of enteric pathogens in mothers and children from communities in the La Paz River Basin Bolivia; associations with water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions.Journal of water and health · 2026Article
- First national study on genomic profiling ofEnvironmental challenges (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Emerging multi-drug resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive enterotoxigenicOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Distribution ofMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Determination of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Interior Bay of Puno-Peru, Lake Titicaca.Scientifica · 2025Article
- Genomic insights into the 2022-2023Vibrio cholerae outbreak in Malawi.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Detecting Class 1 Integrons and Their Variable Regions inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Emergence and Genomic Features of aAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Molecular characteristics of ESBL-producingJournal of veterinary science · 2022Article
- Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases ProducingInfection and drug resistance · 2022Review
- Conjugative transfer of multi-drug resistance IncN plasmids from environmental waterborne bacteria toFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial resistance genes are enriched in aerosols near impacted urban surface waters in La Paz, Bolivia.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of EnteroaggregativeInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Fecal Pollution Drives Antibiotic Resistance and Class 1 Integron Abundance in Aquatic Environments of the Bolivian Andes Impacted by Mining and Wastewater.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Repeated Isolation of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-PositiveAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Water borne diarrheal pathogens might accumulate in river water and cause contamination of drinking and irrigation water. The La Paz River basin, including the Choqueyapu River, flows through La Paz city in Bolivia where it is receiving sewage, and residues from inhabitants, hospitals, and industry. Using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), we determined the quantity and occurrence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella spp. and total enterobacteria in river water, downstream agricultural soil, and irrigated crops, during one year of sampling. The most abundant and frequently detected genes were gapA and eltB, indicating presence of enterobacteria and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) carrying the heat labile toxin, respectively. Pathogen levels in the samples were significantly positively associated with high water conductivity and low water temperature. In addition, a set of bacterial isolates from water, soil and crops were analyzed by PCR for presence of the genes blaCTX-M, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM and blaOXA-48. Four isolates were found to be positive for blaCTX-M genes and whole genome sequencing identified them as E. coli and one Enterobacter cloacae. The E. coli isolates belonged to the emerging, globally disseminated, multi-resistant E. coli lineages ST648, ST410 and ST162. The results indicate not only a high potential risk of transmission of diarrheal diseases by the consumption of contaminated water and vegetables but also the possibility of antibiotic resistance transfer from the environment to the community.
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Registered trials
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