ArticleNeurochemistry international2019
Developmental differences in microglia morphology and gene expression during normal brain development and in response to hypoxia-ischemia.
Article in Neurochemistry international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Microglial maturation across human and mouse as a reference for interpreting large-animal models of perinatal brain injury.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Human iPSC-Derived Microglia Integrate Into Cerebral Organoids and Assume an In Vivo-Like Phenotype.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- Physiological and injury-induced microglial dynamics across the lifespan.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the Synergistic Effects of Erinacines on Microglial Regulation and Alzheimer's Pathology Under Metabolic Stress.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Repeated LPS induces training and tolerance of microglial responses across brain regions.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Development of a High-Throughput Pipeline to Characterize Microglia Morphological States at a Single-Cell Resolution.eNeuro · 2024Article
- Human-specific paralogs of SRGAP2 induce neotenic features of microglia structural and functional maturation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Modulation of Microglial Function by ATP-Gated P2X7 Receptors: Studies in Rat, Mice and Human.Cells · 2024Review
- Spinal TNF-α receptor 1 is differentially required for phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) over the course of motor neuron death in adult rats.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- The Role of Microglial Depletion Approaches in Pathological Condition of CNS.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- TREM2 deficiency inhibits microglial activation and aggravates demyelinating injury in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Unbiased Quantitative Single-Cell Morphometric Analysis to Identify Microglia Reactivity in Developmental Brain Injury.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Development of Glioblastoma from Stem Cells to a Full-Fledged Tumor.Turk patoloji dergisi · 2023Article
- Periventricular Microglia Polarization and Morphological Changes Accompany NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Neuroinflammation after Hypoxic-Ischemic White Matter Damage in Premature Rats.Journal of immunology research · 2023Article
- Microglial morphometric analysis: so many options, so little consistency.Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2023Review
- Further Evidence of Neuroprotective Effects of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin and Growth Hormone in Hypoxic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Reduced microglia activation following metformin administration or microglia ablation is sufficient to prevent functional deficits in a mouse model of neonatal stroke.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeuroinflammation plays an important role in ischemic brain injury and recovery, however the interplay between brain development and the neuroinflammatory response is poorly understood. We previously described age-dependent differences in the microglial response and the effect of microglial inhibition. Here we investigate whether age-dependent microglial responses may be related to pre-injury developmental differences in microglial phenotype.
methodsMeasures of microglia morphology were quantified using semi-automated software analysis of immunostained sections from postnatal day 2 (P2), P9, P30 and P60 mice using IMARIS. Microglia were isolated from P2, P9, P30 and P60 mice, and expression of markers of classical and alternative microglial activation was assessed, as well as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptor, Serpine1, Mer Tyrosine Kinase (MerTK), and the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS3). Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) was induced in P9 and P30 mice using unilateral carotid artery ligation and exposure to 10% oxygen for 50 min. Microglia morphology and microglial expression of genes in the TGF-β and MerTK pathways were determined in ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus.
resultsA progressive and significant increase in microglia branching morphology was seen in all brain regions from P2 to P30. No consistent classical or alternative activation profile was seen in isolated microglia. A clear transition to increased expression of TGF-β and its downstream effector serpine1 was seen between P9 and P30. A similar increase in expression was seen in MerTK and its downstream effector SOCS3. HI resulted in a significant decrease in branching morphology only in the P9 mice, and expression of TGF-β receptor, Serpine1, MerTK, and SOCS3 were elevated in P30 mice compared to P9 post-HI.
conclusionMicroglia maturation is associated with changes in morphology and gene expression, and microglial responses to ischemia in the developing brain differ based on the age at which injury occurs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.