ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2019
The Relationships Between Time in Range, Hyperglycemia Metrics, and HbA1c.
Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07325201 (Mitigating Diabetic Ketoacidosis in People With T1D and Chronic Kidney Disease on an SGLT1&2 Inhibitor), which is not on this map. Cited by 233 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Mitigating Diabetic Ketoacidosis in People With T1D and Chronic Kidney Disease on an SGLT1&2 Inhibitor: Ketosis Risk Factor Determination and Incorporation Into an Enhanced Glucose Ketone Report
Who cites it
233 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 437 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of hybrid closed-loop systems in children aged < 7 years with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Pediatric diabetes · 2026Pooled it
- Continuous glucose monitoring in noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes: A critical review of reported trials with an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of insulin efsitora in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2024Guideline
- Correlation between time on target and glycated hemoglobin in people with diabetes mellitus: systematic review.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2023Pooled it
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Guideline
- Better TIR, HbA1c, and less hypoglycemia in closed-loop insulin system in patients with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Pooled it
- Time in range, as measured by continuous glucose monitor, as a predictor of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Pooled it
- Does faster aspart improve time in range in children with type 1 diabetes with glycaemia close to target on insulin pump therapy?Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Trial
- Effects of mulberry twig alkaloids and canagliflozin in inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study based on flash glucose monitoring.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Mulberry Twig Alkaloids Combined With Insulin Infusion: Effects on Blood Glucose Variability in Type 2 Diabetes.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Trial
- Discordance between mean glucose and time in range in relation to HbADiabetologia · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Comparison of efficacy and safety of insulin degludec/liraglutide and insulin glargine U-100/lixisenatide in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus using professional continuous glucose monitoring.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Performance of the Glucose Management Indicator (GMI) in Type 2 Diabetes.Clinical chemistry · 2023Trial
- The Associations of Mean Glucose and Time in Range from Continuous Glucose Monitoring with HbA1c in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2023Trial
- Efficacy of a Connected Insulin Pen Cap in People With Noncontrolled Type 1 Diabetes: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.Diabetes care · 2023Trial
- Differences in Glucose Readings Between Right Arm and Left Arm Using a Continuous Glucose Monitor.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2022Trial
- Intralymphatic GAD-Alum (Diamyd®) Improves Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes With HLA DR3-DQ2.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Trial
173 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAs the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) increases, there is a need to better understand key metrics of time in range 70-180 mg/dL (TIR
methodsAnalyses were conducted utilizing datasets from four randomized trials encompassing 545 adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who had central-laboratory measurements of A1C. CGM metrics were calculated and compared with each other and A1C cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
resultsCorrelations among CGM metrics (TIR
conclusionsIn T1D, CGM measures reflecting hyperglycemia (including TIR and mean glucose) are highly correlated with each other but only moderately correlated with A1C. For a given TIR or change in TIR there is a wide range of possible corresponding A1C values.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.