[Chronic cough in children].

Coughing is one of the most common patient complaints at physicians' office. The majority of children experience 5 to 8 episodes of cough lasting about a week throughout the year. Episodes of cough which last longer than 4 weeks, defined as a chronic cough, result in serious parental concern, impaired quality of life, increased number of medical consultations and the adverse effects of inappropriately used medications. Overall, a chronic cough is not only a serious health problem, but also a social one. The article presented below summarizes our current knowledge on the pathophysiology of chronic cough, the latest diagnostics and most recent measurement and monitoring methods as well as recommendations for therapeutic proceedings. In order to emphasize the distinct pathophysiology of chronic cough we use a new term: cough hypersensitivity syndrome. We point out the necessity of the concurrent implementation of more than one cough monitoring method for its more adequate evaluation. This article in addition presents the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms in the treatment of a chronic cough which shorten the time to make a proper diagnosis, enable the introduction of adequate treatment, and ultimately improve the patients' quality of life. We present new therapeutic strategies, which are based on regulating the activity of vagal afferent nerves and modifying the neurotransmiters' transmission in the brainstem and midbrain.