ArticleThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2019
Mumps in a highly vaccinated Marshallese community in Arkansas, USA: an outbreak report.
Article in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiological trends and determinants of mumps outbreaks: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
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- The effect of mumps vaccine on the incidence of mumps in Hefei: An interrupted time-series analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Patterns of Decline in Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Neutralizing Antibodies and Protection Levels Through 10 Years After a Second and Third Dose of MMR Vaccine.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
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- Mumps-specific antibody persistence in children aged 3-7 years immunized with two doses of mumps-containing vaccines: A prospective cohort study in Jiangsu Province, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Mumps vaccine effectiveness of a 3rd dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine in school settings during a mumps outbreak -- Arkansas, 2016-2017.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Assessment of mumps-containing vaccine effectiveness by dose during 2006 to 2020 in Quzhou, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Spatial Effect of Ecological Environmental Factors on Mumps in China during 2014-2018.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of mumps from 2004 to 2020 in Jiangsu, China: a flexible spatial and spatiotemporal analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Article
- Mumps virus-specific immune response outcomes and sex-based differences in a cohort of healthy adolescents.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2022Article
- Age-specific transmission dynamic of mumps: A long-term large-scale modeling study in Jilin Province, China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- A Historical and Contemporary Review of the Contextualization and Social Determinants of Health of Micronesian Migrants in the United States.Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare · 2021Article
- Serostatus of IgG antibody against mumps virus in adult population of Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal · 2021Article
- Loss of protective immunity of two-dose mumps-containing vaccine over time: concerns with the new strategy of the mumps immunization program in China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Durability of Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses.Trends in microbiology · 2021Review
- Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Willingness and Hesitancy Among Marshallese Pacific Islanders.Journal of patient experience · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDuring 2000-15, Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, AR, USA, investigated between one and six cases of mumps each year. From Aug 5, 2016, to Aug 5, 2017, the department received notification of more than 4000 suspected mumps cases in the second largest outbreak in the USA in the past 30 years.
methodsArkansas Department of Health investigated all reported cases of mumps to ascertain exposure, travel, and vaccination histories and identify close contacts. Cases were classified as confirmed if the patient had laboratory confirmation of mumps virus or probable if they had clinical symptoms and either a positive serological test or a known epidemiological link to a confirmed case.
findings2954 cases of mumps related to the outbreak were identified during the outbreak period: 1665 (56%) were laboratory confirmed, 1676 (57%) were in children aged 5-17 years, and 1692 (57%) were in Marshallese people. Among the 1676 school-aged cases, 1536 (92%) had previously received at least two doses of a vaccine containing the mumps virus. Although 19 cases of orchitis were reported, severe complications were not identified. Unusual occurrences, such as recurrent parotitis and prolonged viral shedding, were observed mostly in Marshallese individuals. Viral samples were characterised as genotype G.
interpretationThis large-scale outbreak, primarily affecting a marginalised community with intense household crowding, highlights the need for coordinated, interdisciplinary, and non-traditional outbreak responses. This outbreak raises questions about mumps vaccine effectiveness and potential waning immunity.
fundingCouncil of State and Territorial Epidemiologists and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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