Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30634578›Full record

ReviewMicroorganisms2019

What is the Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition? A Changing Ecosystem across Age, Environment, Diet, and Diseases.

Emanuele Rinninella, Pauline Raoul, Marco Cintoni, Francesco Franceschi, Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Cristina Mele

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Microorganisms, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05779904 (DNA Methylation, Microbiome Profile, Nutritional Status, and Developmental Outcomes of Stunted and Non-stunted Children Growing up During Covid-19 Pandemic), which is not on this map. Cited by 1,862 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,862citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
110.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05779904 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

DNA Methylation, Microbiome Profile, Nutritional Status, and Developmental Outcomes of Stunted and Non-stunted Children Growing up During Covid-19 Pandemic: a Case-control Study

TypeobservationalSponsorSEAMEO Regional Centre for Food and NutritionRan2023 to 2024Enrolled300ConditionsStunting, Development, Child, DNA Methylation, Epigenetics
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,862 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 3,286 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Global research trends inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
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  18. Gut microbial alterations and functional shifts in patients with hypertriglyceridemia: insights from a northwestern Chinese metagenomic study.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026
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1,802 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Emanuele RinninellaUOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy. emanuele.rinninella@unicatt.it.ORCID 0000-0002-9165-2367
Pauline RaoulIstituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy. pauline.raoul1@gmail.com.
Marco CintoniScuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy. marco.cintoni@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-9610-0748
Francesco FranceschiUOC di Medicina d'Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy. francesco.franceschi@unicatt.it.
Giacinto Abele Donato MiggianoUOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy. giacintoabele.miggiano@unicatt.it.
Antonio GasbarriniIstituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy. antonio.gasbarrini@unicatt.it.
Maria Cristina MeleUOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy. mariacristina.mele@unicatt.it.
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore · ITUniversity of Rome Tor Vergata · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Each individual is provided with a unique gut microbiota profile that plays many specific functions in host nutrient metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against pathogens. Gut microbiota are composed of different bacteria species taxonomically classified by genus, family, order, and phyla. Each human's gut microbiota are shaped in early life as their composition depends on infant transitions (birth gestational date, type of delivery, methods of milk feeding, weaning period) and external factors such as antibiotic use. These personal and healthy core native microbiota remain relatively stable in adulthood but differ between individuals due to enterotypes, body mass index (BMI) level, exercise frequency, lifestyle, and cultural and dietary habits. Accordingly, there is not a unique optimal gut microbiota composition since it is different for each individual. However, a healthy host⁻microorganism balance must be respected in order to optimally perform metabolic and immune functions and prevent disease development. This review will provide an overview of the studies that focus on gut microbiota balances in the same individual and between individuals and highlight the close mutualistic relationship between gut microbiota variations and diseases. Indeed, dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated not only with intestinal disorders but also with numerous extra-intestinal diseases such as metabolic and neurological disorders. Understanding the cause or consequence of these gut microbiota balances in health and disease and how to maintain or restore a healthy gut microbiota composition should be useful in developing promising therapeutic interventions.

Indexed as

ageAlzheimer’s diseaseautism spectrum disordersceliac diseasecolorectal cancerdietdiversityenterotypesgut microbiotahealthhepatic encephalopathyinflammatory bowel diseaseirritable bowel syndromemilk feedingnecrotizing enterocolitisnutritionobesityParkinson’s diseasepersonalized medicinetype 2 diabetesweaning

Identifiers

PMID30634578
PMCPMC6351938
OpenAlexW2909668868

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.