ReviewCancers2019
Obesity, Leptin and Breast Cancer: Epidemiological Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms.
Review in Cancers, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Overweight and obesity increase breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of 38 observational studies.GeroScience · 2026Pooled it
- Obesity and Risk of Pre- and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer in Africa: A Systematic Review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Pooled it
- Skin carotenoids are inversely associated with adiposity in breast cancer survivors.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Trial
- Review
- Obesity-related Metabolic Dysfunction and Triple-negative Breast Cancer: Epidemiologic Signals, Mechanistic Pathways, and Opportunities for Prevention.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Nutrition Across the Life Course and Risk of Young-Onset Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Prevention Opportunities.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Obesity, Inflammation, and Tumor Microenvironment in Three-Dimensional Models of Breast Cancer.Cells · 2026Review
- ZDHHC9-mediated KLF5 palmitoylation enhances the cAMP/PKA/CREB axis to promote colorectal cancer progression.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Adipocyte-driven STAT3-ANGPT2-PTGIS axis promotes cutaneous metastasis in breast cancer and represents a targetable pathway.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Leptin Drives Breast Cancer Aggressiveness Acting Through the Activation of the NCOA1/STAT3 Pathway.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Population-Level Trends in Lifestyle Factors and Early-Onset Breast, Colorectal, and Uterine Cancers.Cancers · 2026Article
- Adipocyte-derived estrogen signaling influences TROP2 expression in ERα-positive breast cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- VEGF-Leptin Crosstalk in Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Drivers of Angiogenesis and Progression.Cancer management and research · 2026Review
- Complex Interplay Between Obesity and BRCA1/2-Associated Breast Cancer: An Overview.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Review
- Adipocyte‑derived extracellular vesicles sustain mitochondrial metabolism in breast cancer cells: New insights into the cross‑talk between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment.International journal of oncology · 2025Article
- Is Body Mass Index a Prognostic Factor in Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer? A Real-World Multicenter Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- The assessment of breast cancer biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring: integrated analysis.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Leptin-Upregulated Metastasis-Associated Protein 1 Promotes Vasculogenic Mimicry in Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring Urtica dioica L. as a Promising Alternative Therapy for Obesity-Related Breast Cancer: Insights from Molecular Mechanisms and Bioinformatic Analysis.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Crosstalk between gut microbiotas and fatty acid metabolism in colorectal cancer.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing over the past few decades in several developed and developing countries, with resultant hazardous health implications. Substantial epidemiological evidence has shown that excessive adiposity strongly influences risk, prognosis, and progression of various malignancies, including breast cancer. Indeed, it is now well recognized that obesity is a complex physiologic state associated with multiple molecular changes capable of modulating the behavior of breast tumor cells as well of the surrounding microenvironment. Particularly, insulin resistance, hyperactivation of insulin-like growth factor pathways, and increased levels of estrogen due to aromatization by the adipose tissue, inflammatory cytokines, and adipokines contribute to breast cancerogenesis. Among adipokines, leptin, whose circulating levels increase proportionally to total adipose tissue mass, has been identified as a key member of the molecular network in obesity. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the epidemiological link existing between obesity and breast cancer and outlines the molecular mechanisms underlying this connection. The multifaceted role of the obesity adipokine leptin in this respect is also discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.