Observational studyPloS one2019
Risk factors associated with severe outcomes in adult hospitalized patients according to influenza type and subtype.
Observational study in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 74 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of host genetic factors associated with influenza severity.BMC genomics · 2021Pooled it
- Comorbidities' potential impacts on severe and non-severe patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of underlying morbidities on the occurrence of deaths in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2020Pooled it
- Comorbidities and the risk of severe or fatal outcomes associated with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Oseltamivir Reduces 30-Day Mortality in Older Adults With Influenza: A Pooled Analysis From the 2012-2019 Serious Outcomes Surveillance Network of the Canadian Immunization Research Network.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Effects of Age and Birth Cohort on Influenza A Virus Subtype-Specific Hospitalization Rates, United States, 2010-2025.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Development and Evaluation of Molecular Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 at English NHS Sites Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic.Viruses · 2026Review
- Individual and seasonal determinants of death among influenza patients in intensive care units: a retrospective cohort study, Portugal, 2012 to 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
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- Article
- State-of-the-art of the high dose influenza vaccine in Spain.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Estimation of populations at risk for severe influenza and vaccination coverage in Mexico, 2010-2021.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Effect of Influenza Vaccination on the Disease Severity and Viral Load Among Adult Outpatients and Inpatients.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Severity of Respiratory Viral Diseases and the Impacts of Underlying Medical Conditions During the Omicron Subvariant Dominant Epidemics-A Comparative Study of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza Virus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- In-Hospital Death and Risk Factors in Adults With Influenza in Spain (2016-2022): A Cross-Sectional Study With Focus on Older Patients.Health science reports · 2025Article
- National spatiotemporal patterns of influenza-like illness in Iran: A pre-COVID-19 study (2015-2019).PloS one · 2025Article
- Influenza and Aging: Clinical Manifestations, Complications, and Treatment Approaches in Older Adults.Drugs & aging · 2025Review
- Review
- Incidence of Influenza-related Medical Encounters and the Associated Healthcare Resource Use and Complications Across Adult Age Groups in the United States During the 2015-2020 Influenza Seasons.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Patients with influenza admitted to a tertiary-care hospital in Riyadh between 2018 and 2022: characteristics, outcomes and factors associated with ICU admission and mortality.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Seasonal influenza is a cause of hospitalization, especially in people with underlying disease or extreme age, and its severity may differ depending on the types and subtypes of circulating viruses. We investigated the factors associated with ICU admission or death in hospitalized patients with severe laboratory-confirmed influenza according to the viral type and subtype. An observational epidemiological study was carried out in patients aged ≥18 years from 12 Catalan hospitals between 2010 and 2016. For each reported case we collected demographic, virological and clinical characteristics. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to estimate crude and adjusted ORs. 1726 hospitalized patients were included: 595 (34.5%) were admitted to the ICU and 224 (13.0%) died. Lower ICU admission was associated with age ≥75 years in all influenza types and subtypes and with age 65-74 years for type A. In contrast, the 65-74 and ≥75 years age groups were associated with an increased risk of death in all types and subtypes, especially for type B (aOR 27.42, 95% CI: 4.95-151.93 and 15.96; 95% CI: 3.01-84.68). The comorbidity most closely associated with severe outcomes was immune deficiency, which was associated with death for type B (aOR 9.02, 95% CI: 3.05-26.69) and subtype A(H1N1)pdm09 (aOR 3.16, 95% CI: 1.77-5.66). Older age was a differential factor for ICU admission and death: it was associated with lower ICU admission but a risk factor for death. The comorbidity with the closest association with death was immune deficiency, mainly in influenza type B patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.