ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
The Pattern of Malignancies in Down Syndrome and Its Potential Context With the Immune System.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiomics and proteomic insights into Alzheimer's disease biology in Down syndrome.Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Cancer Prevalence Among Large Cohort of Individuals With Down Syndrome: Implications for Screening Guidelines.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Patient stratification reveals the molecular basis of disease co-occurrences.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Genetic variants in NHEJ1 and related DNA repair disorders: insights into phenotypic heterogeneity and links to hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndromes and familial hematological malignancies susceptibility.Annals of hematology · 2025Article
- Down Syndrome in Children: A Primary Immunodeficiency with Immune Dysregulation.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia in a Patient with Down Syndrome.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Long-Term Effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brain: Clinical Consequences and Molecular Mechanisms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Review
- A rare case report of an adult with down syndrome and gallbladder cancer.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Tisagenlecleucel in pediatric and young adult patients with Down syndrome-associated relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Leukemia · 2022Article
- Heart Transplantation in Children With Down Syndrome.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- An asymptomatic giant AB thymoma in a patient with Down syndrome: a case report.Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) · 2022Article
- RCAN1.4 suppresses the osteosarcoma growth and metastasis via interfering with the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway.Journal of bone oncology · 2021Article
- Bone Marrow Ts65Dn Trisomy-Induced Changes in Platelet Functionality and Lymphocytopenia Do Not Impact Atherosclerosis Susceptibility in Mice.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2021Article
- Medulloblastoma Associated with Down Syndrome: From a Rare Event Leading to a Pathogenic Hypothesis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of the Genetic Predisposition to Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia in Infants With Down Syndrome.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Ten Reasons Why People With Down Syndrome are Protected From the Development of Most Solid Tumors -A Review.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Review
- The Impact of Ageing on the CNS Immune Response in Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Congenital Heart Disease: An Immunological Perspective.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune surveillance theory of cancer posits that the body's immune system detects and destroys randomly occurring malignant cells. This theory is based on the observation of the increased frequency of malignancies in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, and is supported by the successful demonstration of immune augmentation in current oncological immune therapy approaches. We review this model in the context of Down syndrome (DS), a condition with a unique tumor profile and various immune defects. Children and adults with DS are more prone to infections due to anatomical reasons and a varying degree of T- and B-cell maturation defects, NK cell dysfunction, and chemotactic or phagocytic abnormalities. However, despite an increased incidence of lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia of infants and children with DS, individuals with DS have a globally decreased incidence of solid tumors as compared to age-adjusted non-DS controls. Additionally, cancers that have been considered "proof of immune therapy principles," such as renal carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, and malignant melanoma, are less frequent in adults with DS compared to the general population. Thus, despite the combination of an increased risk of leukemia with detectable immune biological abnormalities and a clinical immunodeficiency, people with DS appear to be protected against many cancers. This observation does not support the immune surveillance theory in the context of DS and indicates a potential tumor-suppressive role for trisomy 21 in non-hematological malignancies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.