Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2019
HIV-Related Arterial Stiffness in Malawian Adults Is Associated With the Proportion of PD-1-Expressing CD8+ T Cells and Reverses With Antiretroviral Therapy.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improvement in Aortic Stiffness After 9 Months of Antiretroviral Therapy in Treatment-Naïve People Living with HIV.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association between HIV infection and arterial stiffness: A population-based cross-sectional study from Rakai, South Western Uganda.Atherosclerosis plus · 2026Article
- HIV and ART status at baseline are associated longitudinally with increased pulse wave velocity: findings from the Ndlovu Cohort Study.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- The Prevalence and Predictors of Hypertension and Albuminuria in People with HIV (PWHIV)-Real-World Greek Data.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Arterial stiffness in people with HIV: a cross-sectional, comparative study with echocardiographic outcomes in Tanzania.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Central arterial stiffness in young adults with perinatal HIV exposure and infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Non-Communicable Diseases in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Their Risk Factors.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis of HIV-Associated Metabolic Syndrome and Clinical Management Recommendations.International journal of general medicine · 2025Review
- HIV-Tat and vascular endothelium: implications in the HIV associated brain, heart, and lung complications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Intersecting epidemics: immune dysregulation associated with HIV and tuberculosis syndemic contribute to increased risk of hypertensive disease in Sub-Saharan Africa.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Review
- Pulmonary hypertension: Linking inflammation and pulmonary arterial stiffening.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Inflammatory pathways amongst people living with HIV in Malawi differ according to socioeconomic status.PloS one · 2021Article
- Circulating microparticles are increased amongst people presenting with HIV and advanced immune suppression in Malawi and correlate closely with arterial stiffness: a nested case control study.Wellcome open research · 2021Article
- Earlier antiretroviral initiation is independently associated with better arterial stiffness in children living with perinatally acquired HIV with sustained viral suppression in Mozambique.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2021Article
- Inflammatory Phenotypes Predict Changes in Arterial Stiffness Following Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- A comparative analysis of blood pressure in HIV-infected patients versus uninfected controls residing in Sub-Saharan Africa: a narrative review.Journal of human hypertension · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe contribution of immune activation to arterial stiffness and its reversibility in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown.
methodsHIV-uninfected and HIV-infected Malawian adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a CD4+ T-cell count of <100 cells/μL were enrolled and followed for 44 weeks; enrollment of infected adults occurred 2 weeks after ART initiation. We evaluated the relationship between carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and T-cell activation (defined as HLA-DR+CD38+ T cells), exhaustion (define as PD-1+ T cells), and senescence (defined as CD57+ T cells) and monocyte subsets, using normal regression.
resultsIn 279 HIV-infected and 110 HIV-uninfected adults, 142 (37%) had hypertension. HIV was independently associated with a 12% higher cfPWV (P = .02) at baseline and a 14% higher cfPWV at week 10 (P = .02), but the increases resolved by week 22. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell exhaustion were independently associated with a higher cfPWV at baseline (P = .02). At 44 weeks, arterial stiffness improved more in those with greater decreases in the percentage of CD8+ T cells and the percentage of PD-1+CD8+ T cells (P = .01 and P = .03, respectively). When considering HIV-infected participants alone, the adjusted arterial stiffness at week 44 tended to be lower in those with higher baseline percentage of PD-1+CD8+ T cells (P = .054).
conclusionsPD-1+CD8+ T-cells are associated with HIV-related arterial stiffness, which remains elevated during the first 3 months of ART. Resources to prevent cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa should focus on blood pressure reduction and individuals with a low CD4+ T-cell count during early ART.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.