ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2019
Sensorineural Impairments, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and 10-Year Incidence of Cognitive Impairment and Decline in Midlife: The Beaver Dam Offspring Study.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Olfactory Impairment and Incident Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Pooled it
- The association between olfactory dysfunction and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in middle-aged and older adults.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Midlife sensory and motor measures among best predictors in parsimonious models of long-term cognitive decline and incidence of cognitive impairment in aging adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Smoking history and the rate of hearing decline in aging: Results from a longitudinal cohort study.Hearing research · 2026Article
- Contribution of social activity participation to the relationship between sensory impairment, physical performance and cognitive decline: a longitudinal study in China.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Associations of Hearing Loss and Hearing Aid Use With Cognition, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Depressive Symptoms.Journal of aging and health · 2023Article
- Association between previous cataract surgery and cognition among middle-aged and older Chinese: the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS).BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Trajectories of self-reported hearing and their associations with cognition: evidence from the United Kingdom and United States of America.Age and ageing · 2023Article
- Inflammation, metabolic dysregulation and environmental neurotoxins and risk of cognitive decline and impairment in midlife.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Article
- Lifestyle and factors of vascular and metabolic health and inflammation are associated with sensorineural-neurocognitive aging in older adults.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2023Article
- Associations of Midlife Lifestyle and Health Factors with Long-Term Changes in Blood-Based Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Relationship between tinnitus and olfactory dysfunction: audiovisual, olfactory, and medical examinations.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Associations of sensory and motor function with blood-based biomarkers of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease in midlife.Neurobiology of aging · 2022Article
- The pupil constriction to light is associated with cognitive measures in middle-aged and older adults.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2022Article
- Effect of Long-Term Storage on the Reliability of Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Article
- Olfactory, Auditory, and Vestibular Performance: Multisensory Impairment Is Significantly Associated With Incident Cognitive Impairment.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Factors Affecting Hearing Aid Adoption by Adults With High-Frequency Hearing Loss: The Beaver Dam Offspring Study.American journal of audiology · 2021Article
- The Longitudinal Association of Vision Impairment With Transitions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Findings From the Aging, Demographics and Memory Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021Article
- Self-reported visual difficulties in Europe and related factors: a European population-based cross-sectional survey.Acta ophthalmologica · 2021Article
- Benefit of Musical Training for Speech Perception and Cognition Later in Life.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSensorineural impairments and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and disease (CVD) in midlife may be important predictors of future cognitive health, but longitudinal studies that include multiple sensorineural measures in middle-aged adults are lacking.
methodsHearing, vision, and olfaction, and CVRF and CVD were measured at the Beaver Dam Offspring Study baseline (2005-2008) examination. The Mini-Mental State Examination and Trail Making Tests A and B were administered at all phases and additional cognitive function measures were obtained at 5 (2010-2013) and 10 years (2015-2017). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations between baseline sensorineural impairments, CVRF, CVD, and 10-year cumulative incidence of cognitive impairment and decline.
resultsThere were 2,556 participants (22-84 years) without cognitive impairment at baseline and data from at least one follow-up. In a multivariable model including age, sex, education, and head injury, visual impairment (hazard ratio = 2.59, 95% confidence interval = 1.34, 5.02), olfactory impairment (hazard ratio = 3.18, 95% confidence interval = 1.53, 6.59), CVD (hazard ratio = 2.37, 95% confidence interval = 1.24, 4.52), and not consuming alcohol in the past year (hazard ratio = 2.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.16, 4.19) were associated with the 10-year cumulative incidence of cognitive impairment. Current smoking and diabetes were associated with increased risk, and exercise with decreased risk, of 10-year decline in cognitive function.
conclusionsVisual and olfactory impairments, CVRF, and CVD were associated with the 10-year cumulative incidence of cognitive impairment and decline in middle-aged adults. Identifying modifiable factors associated with cognitive decline and impairment in midlife may provide opportunities for prevention or treatment and improve cognitive health later in life.
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