ArticleInsects2019
Combined Toxicity of Insecticides and Fungicides Applied to California Almond Orchards to Honey Bee Larvae and Adults.
Article in Insects, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Binary Mixture of Neonicotinoid-Pyrethroid Insecticide: Impact on Survival, Cognitive Learning, and Memory inBiology · 2025Article
- Semi-field studies on biochemical markers of honey bee workers (Apis mellifera) after exposure to pesticides and their mixtures.PloS one · 2025Article
- Bee pollination and bee decline: A study about university students' Knowledge and its educational implication.Bioscience · 2024Article
- Acute toxicity of the fungicide captan to honey bees and mixed evidence for synergism with the insecticide thiamethoxam.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Relative impacts of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata:Varroidae) infestation and pesticide exposure on honey bee colony health and survival in a high-intensity corn and soybean producing region in northern Iowa.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2024Article
- Fungicide ingestion reduces net energy gain and microbiome diversity of the solitary mason bee.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Successful application of anthranilic diamides in preventing small hive beetle (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) infestation in honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2023Article
- Toxicity of spray adjuvants and tank mix combinations used in almond orchards to adult honey bees (Apis mellifera).Journal of economic entomology · 2023Article
- Effects of pesticide-adjuvant combinations used in almond orchards on olfactory responses to social signals in honey bees (Apis mellifera).Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Pesticide residues in honey bee (Apis mellifera) pollen collected in two ornamental plant nurseries in Connecticut: Implications for bee health and risk assessment.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2023Article
- Engineered gut symbiont inhibits microsporidian parasite and improves honey bee survival.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Using the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Cell Line AmE-711 to Evaluate Insecticide Toxicity.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2023Article
- Gut microbiota composition and gene expression changes induced in theFrontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Indirect exposure to insect growth disruptors affects honey bee (Apis mellifera) reproductive behaviors and ovarian protein expression.PloS one · 2023Article
- Review
- "Migratory beekeeping and its influence on the prevalence and dispersal of pathogens to managed and wild bees".International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2022Review
- Acute Toxicity of Fungicide-Insecticide-Adjuvant Combinations Applied to Almonds During Bloom on Adult Honey Bees.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2022Article
- Comparative Study on Synergistic Toxicity of Enrofloxacin Combined with Three Antibiotics on Proliferation of THLE-2 Cell.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A mechanism-based approach unveils metabolic routes potentially mediating chlorantraniliprole synergism in honey bees, Apis mellifera L., by azole fungicides.Pest management science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Beekeepers providing pollination services for California almond orchards have reported observing dead or malformed brood during and immediately after almond bloom-effects that they attribute to pesticide exposure. The objective of this study was to test commonly used insecticides and fungicides during almond bloom on honey bee larval development in a laboratory bioassay. In vitro rearing of worker honey bee larvae was performed to test the effect of three insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, diflubenzuron, and methoxyfenozide) and three fungicides (propiconazole, iprodione, and a mixture of boscalid-pyraclostrobin), applied alone or in insecticide-fungicide combinations, on larval development. Young worker larvae were fed diets contaminated with active ingredients at concentration ratios simulating a tank-mix at the maximum label rate. Overall, larvae receiving insecticide and insecticide-fungicide combinations were less likely to survive to adulthood when compared to the control or fungicide-only treatments. The insecticide chlorantraniliprole increased larval mortality when combined with the fungicides propiconazole or iprodione, but not alone; the chlorantraniliprole-propiconazole combination was also found to be highly toxic to adult workers treated topically. Diflubenzuron generally increased larval mortality, but no synergistic effect was observed when combined with fungicides. Neither methoxyfenozide nor any methoxyfenozide-fungicide combination increased mortality. Exposure to insecticides applied during almond bloom has the potential to harm honey bees and this effect may, in certain instances, be more damaging when insecticides are applied in combination with fungicides.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.