ArticlePloS one2019
Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective study of patients in Accra, Ghana.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment Outcomes Among Pregnant Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical Characteristics of People With Extrapulmonary and Disseminated Tuberculosis: A 23-Year Retrospective Cohort Study in People Without HIV Without Pharmacological Immunosuppression.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Comparison of the treatment outcomes and identification of the risk factors associated with unfavorable outcomes among extra pulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis patients under NTEP.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence of tuberculosis among patients attending Wau teaching hospital, Western Bahr El Ghazal State, South Sudan: a five-year retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Tuberculosis Mortality in Hamadan Province, Iran.Journal of research in health sciences · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Musculoskeletal Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Lagos, Nigeria.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Rapid tuberculosis diagnosis from respiratory or blood samples by a low cost, portable lab-in-tube assay.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Case Report: Endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysm aorta and generalized mycobacterial infection (clinical case).Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Pathological subtypes and sampling strategies determine diagnostic sensitivity in cervical lymph node tuberculosis: a retrospective study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and their determinants among patients attending Hargeisa TB Hospital: a five-year retrospective study.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Deciphering the population dynamics and drug-resistance characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis: genomic and clinical insights from a Chinese hospital.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Mortality among extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in the HIV endemic setting: lessons from a tertiary level hospital in Mbeya, Tanzania.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Africa: Molecular analysis of clinical specimens of suspected cases in Northern Ghana.Public health challenges · 2024Article
- Identification of diagnostic biomarkers correlate with immune infiltration in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis by integrating bioinformatics and machine learning.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Predictors of tuberculosis treatment outcome at Senkatana clinic in Lesotho.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Tuberculosis in Southwest Iran: A Machine Learning Method.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2024Article
- Deciphering drug discovery and microbial pathogenesis research in tuberculosis during the two decades of postgenomic era using entity mining approach.Archives of microbiology · 2023Article
- Clinical features, resistance patterns and treatment outcomes of drug-resistant extra-pulmonary tuberculosis: A scoping review.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2023Article
- Immunoassay with Novel Paired Antibodies for Detection of Lipoarabinomannan in the Pleural Fluid and Plasma of Patients with Tuberculous Pleurisy.Microorganisms · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInformation on extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) patients is limited in many African countries including Ghana. The study objective was to describe the epidemiology of EPTB patients diagnosed from different categories of health facilities in Accra, Ghana compared to pulmonary TB (PTB) patients and identify risk factors for mortality among EPTB patients.
methodWe conducted retrospective analyses of demographic and clinical data accessed from medical records of EPTB and PTB patients from different types of health facilities from June 2010 to December 2013. Factors at diagnosis associated with EPTB compared to pulmonary TB (PTB) and factors associated with treatment outcome death among EPTB patients were assessed using logistic regression.
resultsOut of 3,342 new TB patients ≥15 years diagnosed, 728 (21.8%) had EPTB with a male: female ratio of 1.17. The EPTB sites commonly affected were disseminated 32.8%, pleura 21%, spine 13%, and Central Nervous System (CNS) 11%. Treatment success rate for EPTB was 70.1% compared to 84.2% for PTB (p<0.001). In logistic regression, HIV positivity (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 3.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.69-3.79) and female gender (aOR 1.59; 95% CI 1.35-1.88) were found to be significantly associated with EPTB compared with PTB. Older age, being HIV positive (aOR 3.15; 95% CI 1.20-8.25) and having CNS TB (aOR 3.88; 95% CI 1.14-13.23) were associated with mortality among EPTB patients. While more EPTB patients were diagnosed in the tertiary hospital, health facility type was not associated with mortality.
conclusionEPTB patients in Accra have a worse treatment outcome compared to PTB patients with mortality of EPTB being associated with HIV, older age and CNS TB. Being HIV positive and female gender were found to be significantly associated with EPTB. Increased awareness of these factors may facilitate early case finding and better management outcomes for these patients.
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