ArticleHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2019
Blood Pressure and Cognitive Decline Over 8 Years in Middle-Aged and Older Black and White Americans.
Article in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of Antihypertensives, Blood Pressure, and Estimated Risk of Dementia in Late Life: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Associations Between Vascular Risk Factor Levels and Cognitive Decline Among Stroke Survivors.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Barriers to Medication Adherence and Mild Cognitive Impairment Among African Americans with Persistently Uncontrolled Hypertension: A Cross-sectional Analysis from the Southeastern Collaboration Trial.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Trial
- Apixaban Versus Aspirin to Reduce Cognitive Decline After Cryptogenic Stroke and Atrial Cardiopathy: ARCADIA-Cognition Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- Sex Differences in the Association of Simultaneous Decline in Blood Pressure and Decline in Cognition during Aging.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Hypertension acts together with Aβ pathology in late-life to promote memory loss.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
- Natriuretic Peptides as a Biomarker of Cognitive Decline in Hypertension.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2026Review
- Mid-life antihypertensive initiation and incident dementia: a machine learning-weighted target trial emulation in the health and retirement study.American journal of cardiovascular disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Hypertension promotes neuroinflammation, brain injury and cognitive impairment.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Temporal patterns of cognitive decline after hypertension onset among middle-aged and older adults in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Blood pressure and the brain: the conundrum of hypertension and dementia.Cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Serum lipidomic analysis identifies potential therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Blood Pressure and Cognitive Function in Older Adults.Clinics in geriatric medicine · 2024Review
- The association between preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) and cognitive function among American older adults: the mediating role of systolic blood pressure.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Hypertension is associated with reduced resting-state medial temporal lobe dynamic network flexibility in older African Americans.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Association between untreated and treated blood pressure levels and cognitive decline in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults in China: a longitudinal study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- The Relation Between Arterial Hypertension and Cognitive Impairment: A Literature Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Blood pressure, brain lesions and cognitive decline in patients with atrial fibrillation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- What have observational studies taught us about brain health? An exploration of select cardiovascular risks and cognitive function.Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although the association between high blood pressure (BP), particularly in midlife, and late-life dementia is known, less is known about variations by race and sex. In a prospective national study of 22 164 blacks and whites ≥45 years without baseline cognitive impairment or stroke from the REGARDS cohort study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke), enrolled 2003 to 2007 and followed through September 2015, we measured changes in cognition associated with baseline systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), as well as pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure, and we tested whether age, race, and sex modified the effects. Outcomes were global cognition (Six-Item Screener; primary outcome), new learning (Word List Learning), verbal memory (Word List Delayed Recall), and executive function (Animal Fluency Test). Median follow-up was 8.1 years. Significantly faster declines in global cognition were associated with higher SBP, lower DBP, and higher PP with increasing age ( P<0.001 for age×SBP×follow-up-time, age×DBP×follow-up-time, and age×PP×follow-up-time interaction). Declines in global cognition were not associated with mean arterial pressure after adjusting for PP. Blacks, compared with whites, had faster declines in global cognition associated with SBP ( P=0.02) and mean arterial pressure ( P=0.04). Men, compared with women, had faster declines in new learning associated with SBP ( P=0.04). BP was not associated with decline of verbal memory and executive function, after controlling for the effect of age on cognitive trajectories. Significantly faster declines in global cognition over 8 years were associated with higher SBP, lower DBP, and higher PP with increasing age. SBP-related cognitive declines were greater in blacks and men.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.