ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2019
The association of morning serum cortisol with glucose metabolism and diabetes: The Jackson Heart Study.
Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mind- and Body-Based Interventions Improve Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of integrative and complementary medicine · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of bright light therapy on glycemic control and cortisol rhythmicity in depression: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Postprandial glycaemic response and pain sensitivity in breast cancer survivors suffering from chronic pain: a double-blind, randomised controlled cross-over pilot experiment.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Trial
- Long-term green-Mediterranean diet may favor fasting morning cortisol stress hormone; the DIRECT-PLUS clinical trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Association between exposure to a PERMA model-based positive psychology intervention and levels of psychological distress and compliance behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a quasi-experimental study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Association of serum cortisol with insulin secretion and plasma aldosterone with insulin resistance in untreated type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Impact of cortisol on liver fat and metabolic health in adrenal incidentalomas and Cushing's syndrome.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Serum Cortisol and Cardiovascular Disease Risk - A Potential Biomarker.Current cardiology reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Stronger association between morning serum cortisol level and diurnal time in range in type 2 diabetes?Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor is Associated with Self-Reported Quality of Sleep in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Ghana.Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association · 2024Article
- Hypoglycemic Activity of Rice Resistant-Starch Metabolites: A Mechanistic Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Approach.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Evidence for the Association Between Adverse Childhood Family Environment, Child Abuse, and Caregiver Warmth and Cardiovascular Health Across the Lifespan: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2024Article
- Attachment in close relationships and glycemic outcomes in children with type 1 diabetes.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2023Article
- Relationship between cortisol and diabetic microvascular complications: a retrospective study.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Brain Dopamine-Clock Interactions Regulate Cardiometabolic Physiology: Mechanisms of the Observed Cardioprotective Effects of Circadian-Timed Bromocriptine-QR Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Role of Steroidomics in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- By what molecular mechanisms do social determinants impact cardiometabolic risk?Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2023Review
- Childhood environment early life stress, caregiver warmth, and associations with the cortisol diurnal curve in adulthood: The coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Time-restricted eating alters the 24-hour profile of adipose tissue transcriptome in men with obesity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSerum cortisol levels have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the role of cortisol in glycemia and T2D is not fully elucidated among African Americans (AAs). We hypothesized that among AAs morning serum cortisol would be positively associated with glycemic measures and prevalent T2D.
methodsWe examined the cross-sectional association of baseline morning serum cortisol with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (HOMA-β), and prevalent T2D in the Jackson Heart Study. Linear regression models were used to examine the association of log-transformed cortisol with glycemic traits, stratified by T2D status. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of log-transformed cortisol with prevalent T2D. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, occupation, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, physical activity, smoking, beta-blocker/hormone replacement medications and cortisol collection time.
resultsAmong 4,206 AAs (mean age 55 ± 13 years, 64% female), 19% had prevalent T2D. A 100% increase in cortisol among participants without diabetes was associated with 2.7 mg/dL (95% CI: 2.0, 3.3) higher FPG and a 10.0% (95% CI: -14.0, -6.0) lower HOMA-β with no significant association with HbA1c or HOMA-IR. In participants with diabetes, a 100% increase in cortisol was associated with a 23.6 mg/dL (95% CI: 13.6, 33.7) higher FPG and a 0.6% (95% CI: 0.3, 0.9) higher HbA1c. Among all participants, quartile 4 vs. 1 of cortisol was associated with a 1.26-fold (95% CI: 1.75, 2.91) higher odds of prevalent T2D.
conclusionHigher morning serum cortisol was associated with higher FPG and lower β-cell function among participants without T2D and higher FPG and HbA1c in participants with diabetes. Among all participants, higher cortisol was associated with higher odds of T2D. These findings support a role for morning serum cortisol in glucose metabolism among AAs.
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