ReviewDrugs2019
Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Lower Limb Spasticity after Stroke.
Review in Drugs, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of repeated peripheral magnetic stimulation on upper limb motor function after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Brazilian practice guidelines for stroke rehabilitation: Part II.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2022Guideline
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Spasticity After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy of different frequencies of extracorporeal shockwave on plantar flexor spasticity of the ankle in patients with stroke: a single-center, prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Research progress in the use of botulinum toxin type a for post-stroke spasticity rehabilitation: a narrative review.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Review
- Pioneering pain management with botulinum toxin type A: From anti-inflammation to regenerative therapies.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Article
- Post-stroke spasticity: follow-up and functional implications of chronic long-term treatment with botulinum toxin.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024Observational
- Review
- Stretching exercises in managing spasticity: effectiveness, risks, and adjunct therapies.European journal of translational myology · 2024Article
- The mechanism of Sangdantongluo granule in treating post-stroke spasticity based on multimodal fMRI combined with TMS: Study protocol.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2024Article
- The Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A Injection for Gastrocnemius Hypertrophy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded Controlled Trial.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Case report: Intrathecal baclofen therapy improved gait pattern in a stroke patient with spastic dystonia.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Article
- Treatment and Improvement of Healing after Surgical Intervention.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Pooled Safety Analysis of IncobotulinumtoxinA in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders in Adults.Toxins · 2023Article
- The Effects of Shock Wave Therapy on Spasticity and Walking Ability in People with Stroke: A Comparative Study of Different Application Sites.Brain sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Post-stroke lower limb spasticity impairs balance and gait leading to reduced walking speed, often increasing wheelchair use and caregiver burden. Several studies have shown that appropriate treatments for lower limb spasticity after stroke include injections of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), phenol or alcohol, surgical correction and a rehabilitation program. In the present article, we review the safety and effectiveness of BoNT-A for the treatment of lower limb spasticity after stroke, with a focus on higher doses of BoNT-A. The cumulative body of evidence coming from the randomized clinical trials and open-label studies selected in the article suggest BoNT-A to be safe and efficacious in reducing lower limb spasticity after stroke. Studies of high doses of BoNT-A also showed a greater reduction of severe post-stroke spasticity. In stroke survivors with spasticity of the ankle plantar-flexor muscles, a combined approach between surgery and BoNT-A can be indicated. However, controversy remains about improvement in motor function relative to post-stroke spasticity reduction after BoNT-A treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.