SynthesisInternational journal of health geographics2019
Geographic and area-level socioeconomic variation in cardiometabolic risk factor distribution: a systematic review of the literature.
Synthesis in International journal of health geographics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Naples Prognostic Score and Clinical Outcomes After PCI for Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical cardiology · 2026Pooled it
- Social Disadvantage and Disparities in Chronic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2024Pooled it
- Associations between dimensions of the social environment and cardiometabolic health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Children with Down Syndrome at a Tertiary Care Center.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The Association Between Cardiometabolic Risk and Cognitive Function Among Older Americans and Chinese.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Spatial analysis of 10-year predicted risk and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: the CoLaus cohort.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- [Primary Care Inequalities to the Disadvantage of the Population of Socially Deprived Urban Areas: A Case Study of Essen, Germany].Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) · 2023Article
- Major and minor ECG abnormalities depending on regional living conditions in Russia.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic deprivation and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with type 1 diabetes: T1D exchange clinic registry.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2023Article
- Regional living conditions and the prevalence, awareness, treatment, control of hypertension at the individual level in Russia.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Changes in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components as Well as in Relevant Preventive Medication between 2006 and 2018 in the Northeast Hungarian Population.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Educational Level, but Not Income or Area Deprivation, is Related to Macrovascular Disease: Results From Two Population-Based Cohorts in Germany.International journal of public health · 2021Article
- Geographic variation in cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence explained by area-level disadvantage in the Illawarra-Shoalhaven region of the NSW, Australia.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Role of Area-Level Access to Primary Care on the Geographic Variation of Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Distribution: A Multilevel Analysis of the Adult Residents in the Illawarra-Shoalhaven Region of NSW, Australia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Article
- Nationwide Geospatial Analysis to Identify Variations in Primary Cardiovascular Risk in Ethiopia.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionA growing number of publications report variation in the distribution of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) at different geographic scales. A review of these variations may help inform policy and health service organisation.
aimTo review studies reporting variation in the geographic distribution of CMRFs and its association with various proxy measures of area-level socioeconomic disadvantage (ASED) among the adult ( ≥ 18 years) population across the world.
methodsA systematic search for published articles was conducted in four databases (MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) considering the interdisciplinary nature of the review question. Population-based cross-sectional and cohort studies on geographic variations of one or more biological proxies of CMRFs with/without an analysed contextual association with ASED were included. Two independent reviewers screened the studies and PRISMA guidelines were followed in the study selection and reporting.
resultA total of 265 studies were retrieved and screened, resulting in 24 eligible studies. The review revealed reports of variation in the distribution of CMRFs, at varying geographic scales, in multiple countries. In addition, consistent associations between ASED and higher prevalence of CMRFs were demonstrated. The reports were mainly from industrialised nations and small area geographic units were frequently used.
conclusionGeographic variation in cardiometabolic risk exists across multiple spatial scales and is positively associated with ASED. This association is independent of individual-level factors and provides an imperative for area-based approaches to informing policy and health service organisation. The study protocol is registered in International prospective register of systematic reviews (Register No: CRD42018115294) PROSPERO 2018.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.