ArticleBMC cancer2019
Metastases to extraocular muscles from breast cancer: case report and up-to-date review of the literature.
Article in BMC cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Radiotherapy of orbital metastases: a systematic review of management and treatment outcomes on behalf of palliative care study group of Italian association of radiotherapy and clinical oncology (AIRO).The British journal of radiology · 2023Pooled it
- Orbital metastasis from breast carcinoma: structured literature review and report of four cases.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Unmasking Orbital Myopathy: When Enlarged Extraocular Muscles Indicate More Than Thyroid Eye Disease: Report of Two Cases.Case reports in ophthalmological medicine · 2026Article
- Ocular metastasis in breast cancer: management of clinical case reports and a literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- General characteristics of orbital metastasis in breast cancer: a narrative review of case reports.International cancer conference journal · 2024Review
- Successful management of bilateral orbital metastases from invasive lobular breast cancer with abemaciclib and letrozole: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Extraocular muscle enlargement.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2022Review
- Orbital metastasis of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.Journal of surgical case reports · 2022Article
- An early orbital metastasis from breast cancer: A case report.International journal of surgery case reports · 2021Article
- A 'never miss' diagnosis: Ptosis secondary to metastatic breast cancer diagnosed as involutional ptosis and a review of the literature.SAGE open medical case reports · 2021Article
- Metastatic Orbital Tumor From Breast Ductal Carcinoma With Neuroendocrine Differentiation Initially Presenting as Ocular Symptoms: A Case Report and Literature Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Surgery for orbital metastasis from breast carcinoma initially presenting with progressive proptosis.BMJ case reports · 2020Article
- Adipose Tissue from Lean and Obese Mice Induces a Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition-Like Effect in Triple Negative Breast Cancers Cells Grown in 3-Dimensional Culture.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Patient treatment and outcome after breast cancer orbital and periorbital metastases: a comprehensive case series including analysis of lobular versus ductal tumor histology.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2020Article
- Previously undiagnosed neuroendocrine tumour mimicking breast cancer metastasis to the orbit.BMJ case reports · 2020Article
- Rare sites of breast cancer metastasis: a review.Translational cancer research · 2019Review
- Review article: Diagnosis and management of enlarged extraocular muscles.Taiwan journal of ophthalmologyReview
- A Complete Response of Orbital Metastases in Breast Cancer Patient Treated with Oral Chemotherapy: Case Report and Literature Review.Case reports in oncologyArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnilateral or bilateral metastases to extraocular muscles are very rare in breast cancer. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of inferior rectus extraocular muscle involved by ductal luminal B/Her-2 neu negative breast cancer, observed in a cohort of 580 patients. Our patient had received chemotherapy and hormonal therapy (tamoxifen for 3 years and letrozole in the following 3 years) for her primary cancer and developed an orbital metastasis while she was under aromatase inhibitor-based therapy. Diagnosis was confirmed by MRI and biopsy. Orbital radiotherapy, combined with fulvestrant, resulted in shrinking of the secondary mass. A third line hormonal therapy using palbociclib was then started. Twelve-months later, MRI showed no residual tumor mass. Currently, the patient is alive and in good general conditions after 20 months.
conclusionsLiterature review yielded 57 patients with extraocular muscle metastases from breast cancer, mostly due to the invasive lobular subtype of carcinoma. In addition to the present case, only 4 other extraocular muscles metastases from invasive ductal carcinoma has been reported, pointing out to the rarity of ductal type spread to the orbit in the natural history of breast cancer. Surgery may be used as a single treatment, despite no improvement of symptoms. Radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy, or with chemotherapy plus hormonal therapy are available options. Results are, however, missing or poor. The present case is the first one with complete and stable response after 20 months to radiotherapy, antiestrogen drug fulvestrant and selective inhibitor of CDK4 /CDK6 palbociclib. In this subset of patients, with unusual metastatic sites and frequent multi-organ metastatic impairment, a multidisciplinary approach is indicated in order to achieve the best therapeutic management and long-term surveillance.
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