ReviewFrontiers in oncology2018
Radiation, Immune Checkpoint Blockade and the Abscopal Effect: A Critical Review on Timing, Dose and Fractionation.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 203 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heating the Cold: Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy or Combined Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Current gene therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Improved survival outcome with not-delayed radiotherapy and immediate PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor for non-small-cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade before chemoradiation for cervical squamous carcinoma (GINECO window-of-opportunity COLIBRI study): a phase II trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Effect of prior and first-line immunotherapy on baseline immune biomarkers and modulation of the tumor microenvironment in response to nivolumab and relatlimab combination therapy in patients with melanoma from RELATIVITY-020.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Activity of PD-1 blockade with nivolumab among patients with recurrent atypical/anaplastic meningioma: phase II trial results.Neuro-oncology · 2022Trial
- Randomized Phase II Trial of Nivolumab With Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Versus Nivolumab Alone in Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2021Trial
- Mono-institutional phase 2 study of innovative Stereotactic Body RadioTherapy targeting PArtial Tumor HYpoxic (SBRT-PATHY) clonogenic cells in unresectable bulky non-small cell lung cancer: profound non-targeted effects by sparing peri-tumoral immune microenvironment.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Unlocking the therapeutic potential of immuno-radiotherapy: insights from preclinical and clinical research.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy-induced abscopal effects in immune checkpoint inhibitor-refractory metastatic disease: results from a large multicenter real-world cohort study.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Is there a role for immune checkpoint inhibitors in high-risk medulloblastoma beyond the salvage setting?The oncologist · 2026Article
- Abscopal effect following palliative radiotherapy after cemiplimab in recurrent cervical cancer: a case report.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Integrated management of immunotherapy and radiotherapy for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative review of current landscape and future directions.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- Liposome-Encapsulated Carfilzomib as a Radiosensitizer in Solid Tumors.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibition in bone metastases: lesion response heterogeneity, the osteoimmune niche, and microenvironment-directed therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Harnessing the abscopal effect: mechanistic insights and therapeutic strategies for systemic cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of combining radiotherapy with first-line chemotherapy and immunotherapy for local advanced/metastatic urothelial cancer: a propensity score matching analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Durable Marked Response of Unresectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Radiotherapy Alone Followed by Combination Immunotherapy.Case reports in oncological medicine · 2026Article
- Sustained complete response to TMEp-CI-M platform in refractory small-cell lung cancer with brainstem metastasis: a case report with over 20 months of disease-free survival.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The combination of radiation and immunotherapy is currently an exciting avenue of pre-clinical and clinical investigation. The synergy between these two treatment modalities has the potential to expand the role of radiation from a purely local therapy, to a role in advanced and metastatic disease. Tumor regression outside of the irradiated field, known as the abscopal effect, is a recognized phenomenon mediated by lymphocytes and enhanced by checkpoint blockade. In this review, we summarize the known mechanistic data behind the immunostimulatory effects of radiation and how this is enhanced by immunotherapy. We also provide pre-clinical data supporting specific radiation timing and optimal dose/fractionation for induction of a robust anti-tumor immune response with or without checkpoint blockade. Importantly, these data are placed in a larger context of understanding T-cell exhaustion and the impact of immunotherapy on this phenotype. We also include relevant pre-clinical studies done in non-tumor systems. We discuss the published clinical trials and briefly summarize salient case reports evaluating the abscopal effect. Much of the data discussed here remains at the preliminary stage, and a number of interesting avenues of research remain under investigation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.