MDA-SKF: Similarity Kernel Fusion for Accurately Discovering miRNA-Disease Association.

Identifying accurate associations between miRNAs and diseases is beneficial for diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. It is especially important to develop an efficient method to detect the association between miRNA and disease. Traditional experimental method has high precision, but its process is complicated and time-consuming. Various computational methods have been developed to uncover potential associations based on an assumption that similar miRNAs are always related to similar diseases. In this paper, we propose an accurate method, MDA-SKF, to uncover potential miRNA-disease associations. We first extract three miRNA similarity kernels (miRNA functional similarity, miRNA sequence similarity, Hamming profile similarity for miRNA) and three disease similarity kernels (disease semantic similarity, disease functional similarity, Hamming profile similarity for disease) in two subspaces, respectively. Then, due to limitations that some initial information may be lost in the process and some noises may be exist in integrated similarity kernel, we propose a novel Similarity Kernel Fusion (SKF) method to integrate multiple similarity kernels. Finally, we utilize the Laplacian Regularized Least Squares (LapRLS) method on the integrated kernel to find potential associations. MDA-SKF is evaluated by three evaluation methods, including global leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) and local LOOCV and 5-fold cross validation (CV), and achieves AUCs of 0.9576, 0.8356, and 0.9557, respectively. Compared with existing seven methods, MDA-SKF has outstanding performance on global LOOCV and 5-fold. We also test case studies to further analyze the performance of MDA-SKF on 32 diseases. Furthermore, 3200 candidate associations are obtained and a majority of them can be confirmed. It demonstrates that MDA-SKF is an accurate and efficient computational tool for guiding traditional experiments.