ArticleFrontiers in immunology2018
Natural Killer Cell Education Is Associated With a Distinct Glycolytic Profile.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolism-driven posttranslational modifications and immune regulation: Emerging targets for immunotherapy.Science advances · 2025Review
- Altered mitochondrial mass and fatty acid uptake by natural killer cells in HIV-exposed uninfected children at 6 years of age.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Review
- Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Preserves the Metabolic Function of CD4+ T Cells in Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- IL-15 reprogramming compensates for NK cell mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-1 infection.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Current status and future perspective of natural killer cell therapy for cancer.Medical review (2021) · 2023Review
- Metabolism of NK cells during viral infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- NK cell education: Physiological and pathological influences.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Minimally invasive detection of cancer using metabolic changes in tumor-associated natural killer cells with Oncoimmune probes.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Challenges to the broad application of allogeneic natural killer cell immunotherapy of cancer.Stem cell research & therapy · 2022Review
- The metabolism of cells regulates their sensitivity to NK cells depending on p53 status.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Metformin sensitizes leukemic cells to cytotoxic lymphocytes by increasing expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The New Kid on the Block: HLA-C, a Key Regulator of Natural Killer Cells in Viral Immunity.Cells · 2021Review
- Dynamic variability in SHP-1 abundance determines natural killer cell responsiveness.Science signaling · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
- Metabolic changes of Interleukin-12/15/18-stimulated human NK cells.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Diversity of KIRs in invasive breast cancer patients and healthy controls along with the clinical significance in ER/PR/HER2+ patients.Genes and immunity · 2020Article
- Metabolite Transporters as Regulators of Immunity.Metabolites · 2020Review
- Decreased glycolysis induced dysfunction of NK cells in Henoch-Schonlein purpura patients.BMC immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
NK cells expressing self-inhibitory receptors display increased functionality compared to NK cells lacking those receptors. The acquisition of functional competence in these particular NK-cell subsets is termed education. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms that lead to the functional differences between educated and uneducated NK cells. An increasing number of studies suggest that cellular metabolism is a determinant of immune cell functions. Thus, alterations in cellular metabolic pathways may play a role in the process of NK-cell education. Here, we compared the glycolytic profile of educated and uneducated primary human NK cells. KIR-educated NK cells showed significantly increased expression levels of the glucose transporter Glut1 in comparison to NKG2A-educated or uneducated NK cells with and without exposure to target cells. Subsequently, the metabolic profile of NK-cell subsets was determined using a Seahorse XF Analyzer. Educated NK cells displayed significantly higher rates of cellular glycolysis than uneducated NK cells even in a resting state. Our results indicate that educated and uneducated NK cells reside in different metabolic states prior to activation. These differences in the ability to utilize glucose may represent an underlying mechanism for the superior functionality of educated NK cells expressing self-inhibitory receptors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.