ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Innate Immune Cell Suppression and the Link With Secondary Lung Bacterial Pneumonia.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Respiratory virome in hospitalized children and analysis of its correlation with disease severity.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Multiple Respiratory Virus Detection in Acute Respiratory Infection Patients in Mie Prefecture, Japan, 2021-2023.Viruses · 2025Article
- Major alteration of lung microbiome and the host responses in critically ill COVID-19 patients with high viral load.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Marine Bioactive Peptides: Anti-Photoaging Mechanisms and Potential Skin Protective Effects.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Relationship between molecular pathogen detection and clinical disease in febrile children across Europe: a multicentre, prospective observational study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Association of COVID-19 coinfection with increased mortality among patients withAntimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2023Article
- Clinical characteristics and severity prediction score of Adenovirus pneumonia in immunocompetent adult.PloS one · 2023Article
- Antibiotics Use in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2022Article
- Pathogenesis of Respiratory Viral and Fungal Coinfections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- Article
- Beyond "Big Eaters": The Versatile Role of Alveolar Macrophages in Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in the COVID-19 era: Perspective from resource-limited settings.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Article
- Complex Involvement of Interleukin-26 in Bacterial Lung Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Enhancing Cystic Fibrosis Immune Regulation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Influenza virus infection augments susceptibility to respiratory Yersinia pestis exposure and impacts the efficacy of antiplague antibiotic treatments.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Immunopathological features of air pollution and its impact on inflammatory airway diseases (IAD).The World Allergy Organization journal · 2020Review
- SIRP-α instructs alveolar macrophages to stop eating after pneumonia.Nature immunology · 2020Article
- Secondary Bacterial Infections During Pulmonary Viral Disease: Phage Therapeutics as Alternatives to Antibiotics?Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Secondary infections arise as a consequence of previous or concurrent conditions and occur in the community or in the hospital setting. The events allowing secondary infections to gain a foothold have been studied for many years and include poor nutrition, anxiety, mental health issues, underlying chronic diseases, resolution of acute inflammation, primary immune deficiencies, and immune suppression by infection or medication. Children, the elderly and the ill are particularly susceptible. This review is concerned with secondary bacterial infections of the lung that occur following viral infection. Using influenza virus infection as an example, with comparisons to rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection, we will update and review defective bacterial innate immunity and also highlight areas for potential new investigation. It is currently estimated that one in 16 National Health Service (NHS) hospital patients develop an infection, the most common being pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and infection of surgical sites. The continued drive to understand the mechanisms of why secondary infections arise is therefore of key importance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.