ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2018
Microglia Increase Inflammatory Responses in iPSC-Derived Human BrainSpheres.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mapping the Cerebral Organoid Landscape: A Systematic Review of Preclinical 3D Models in Neuroscience.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Pooled it
- Modeling Immunity In Vitro: Slices, Chips, and Engineered Tissues.Annual review of biomedical engineering · 2021Pooled it
- Tutorial: interrogating biology using organoid technologies.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Advances and applications of brain organoids in central nervous system disorders: Bridging the gap from laboratory to clinic.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Microglia-associated progression of multiple sclerosis: target identification and therapeutic engagement in human in vitro models.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Immuno-Regulation of Brain Region-Specific Organoids Containing Isogenic Microglia-Like Cells.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Organoids Gone Viral: A Comprehensive Review on Human Organoid Models to Study Viral Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2026Review
- Review
- Digit Span Tests Are More Sensitive than SDMT for Detecting Working Memory Impairment and Correlate with Metabolic Alterations in White Matter and Deep Gray Matter Nuclei in Multiple Sclerosis: A GABA-Edited Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Modelling human brain development and disease with organoids.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Review
- Human Microglia Models for NeuroHIV.Viruses · 2025Review
- Electrode- and Label-Free Assessment of Electrophysiological Firing Rates through Cytochrome C Monitoring via Raman Spectroscopy.ACS sensors · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Utilizing Human Brain Organoids to Study Neuroinflammation in Neurological Disorders.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Review
- Inflammatory responses revealed through HIV infection of microglia-containing cerebral organoids.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Ex vivo study of neuroinvasive and neurotropic viruses: what is current and what is next.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Advancing next-generation brain organoid platforms for investigating traumatic brain injury from repeated blast exposures.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Beyond the amyloid hypothesis: leveraging human-centered complexFrontiers in toxicology · 2025Review
- Microglia-containing neural organoids as brain microphysiological systems for long-term culture.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Human brain organoids: an innovative model for neurological disorder research and therapy.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), together with 21st century cell culture methods, have the potential to better model human physiology with applications in toxicology, disease modeling, and the study of host-pathogen interactions. Several models of the human brain have been developed recently, demonstrating cell-cell interactions of multiple cell types with physiologically relevant 3D structures. Most current models, however, lack the ability to represent the inflammatory response in the brain because they do not include a microglial cell population. Microglia, the resident immunocompetent phagocytes in the central nervous system (CNS), are not only important in the inflammatory response and pathogenesis; they also function in normal brain development, strengthen neuronal connections through synaptic pruning, and are involved in oligodendrocyte and neuronal survival. Here, we have successfully introduced a population of human microglia into 3D human iPSC-derived brain spheres (BrainSpheres, BS) through co-culturing cells of the Immortalized Human Microglia - SV40 cell line with the BS model (μBS). We detected an inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and flavivirus infection, which was only elicited in the model when microglial cells were present. A concentration of 20 ng/mL of LPS increased gene expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.