ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2019
HIV prevalence in young people and children living on the streets, Kenya.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adapting and Scaling-up Peer Navigators to Targeted Populations of Street-Involved Youth in Kenya and Canada to Increase Engagement in HIV Prevention, Testing, and Treatment.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Sexual and reproductive health interventions for mobile adolescents and young people in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Unveiling the hidden health challenges: malaria, helminths, STIs and other pathologies among street children, adolescents and young adults in Cameroon.International health · 2025Article
- Climate change, resource insecurities and sexual and reproductive health among young adolescents in Kenya: a multi-method qualitative inquiry.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Enabling Adherence to Treatment (EAT): a pilot study of a combination intervention to improve HIV treatment outcomes among street-connected individuals in western Kenya.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- "If they had a place to live, they would be taking medication": a qualitative study identifying strategies for engaging street-connected young people in the HIV prevention-care continuum in Kenya.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Intersectional Stigma and Implementation of HIV Prevention and Treatment Services for Adolescents Living with and at Risk for HIV: Opportunities for Improvement in the HIV Continuum in Sub-Saharan Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Using the Implementation Research Logic Model as a Lens to View Experiences of Implementing HIV Prevention and Care Interventions with Adolescent Sexual Minority Men-A Global Perspective.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Barriers to and facilitators of accessing HIV services for street-involved youth in Canada and Kenya.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Association of Care Environment With HIV Incidence and Death Among Orphaned, Separated, and Street-Connected Children and Adolescents in Western Kenya.JAMA network open · 2021Observational
- "From Analog to Digital": The Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Outcomes of a Positive Parenting Program for Street-Connected Mothers in Kenya.Children and youth services review · 2021Article
- Exploring patient-provider interactions and the health system's responsiveness to street-connected children and youth in Kenya: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Standardized mortality ratios between street-connected young people and the general age-equivalent population in an urban setting in Kenya from 2010 to 2015.Global health action · 2020Article
- Characterizing street-connected children and youths' social and health inequities in Kenya: a qualitative study.International journal for equity in health · 2020Article
- Piloting an evidence-based intervention for HIV prevention among street youth in Eldoret, Kenya.International journal of public health · 2020Article
- Adapting an evidence-based gender, livelihoods, and HIV prevention intervention with street-connected young people in Eldoret, Kenya.Global public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo obtain an estimate of the size of, and human immunodeficiency (HIV) prevalence among, young people and children living on the streets of Eldoret, Kenya.
methodsWe counted young people and children using a point-in-time approach, ensuring we reached our target population by engaging relevant community leaders during the planning of the study. We acquired point-in-time count data over a period of 1 week between the hours of 08:00 and 23:00, from both a stationary site and by mobile teams. Participants provided demographic data and a fingerprint (to avoid double-counting) and were encouraged to speak with an HIV counsellor and undergo HIV testing. We used a logistic regression model to test for an association between age or sex and uptake of HIV testing and seropositivity.
findingsOf the 1419 eligible participants counted, 1049 (73.9%) were male with a median age of 18 years. Of the 1029 who spoke with a counsellor, 1004 individuals accepted HIV counselling and 947 agreed to undergo an HIV test. Combining those who were already aware of their HIV-positive status with those who were tested during our study resulted in an overall HIV seroprevalence of 4.1%. The seroprevalence was 2.7% (19/698) for males and 8.9% (23/259) for females. We observed an increase in seroprevalence with increasing age for both sexes, but of much greater magnitude for females.
conclusionBy counting young people and children living on the streets and offering them HIV counselling and testing, we could obtain population-based estimates of HIV prevalence.
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Registered trials
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