SynthesisJournal of neurology2020
A systematic review on the definition of rhabdomyolysis.
Synthesis in Journal of neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of serum creatine kinase implicates myopathy genes and muscle pathways.EBioMedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Incidence of rhabdomyolysis occurrence in psychoactive substances intoxication: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Exertional Rhabdomyolysis With Moderate Creatine Kinase Elevation and Marked Transaminase Elevation but Preserved Synthetic Function: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- When to think of genetic causes for rhabdomyolysis? A Brazilian single-center exploratory study.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Characterizing the Safety and Efficacy of Propofol in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Electrolyte balance and muscle damage after adolescent binge alcohol use: a retrospective study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Development of Urinalysis Screening Criteria for Rhabdomyolysis in Acute Kidney Injury.Kidney360 · 2026Article
- Hexahydrocannabinol-induced rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury: a case report combining comprehensive toxicokinetic and metabolomic investigations.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Rhabdomyolysis: a narrative review.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Review
- Review
- Pediatric HyperCKemia: a 13-year retrospective study and predictors of neuromuscular disease and metabolic myopathy.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Cast nephropathy in the ICU: Early recognition and extracorporeal strategies to improve outcomes.Journal of intensive medicine · 2026Review
- When Dark Urine Is Not Nephritis: A Life-Threatening Case of Lipin-1 Deficiency in Infancy.Cureus · 2026Article
- Development of the Mugla Score: an association-based tool for risk stratification in emergency department patients with rhabdomyolysis.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and prognostic impact of rhabdomyolysis in adults hospitalized with diabetic ketosis: a 10-year single-center cohort study.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Beware the Muscle: Silent Exercise-Induced Aminotransferase Elevation as a Diagnostic Pitfall in Hepatology and Pretreatment Screening-A Report of Two Cases.Case reports in gastrointestinal medicine · 2026Article
- Acute diquat poisoning in children: a single-center retrospective observational study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Advances in rhabdomyolysis: A review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2026Review
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRhabdomyolysis (RML) is an interdisciplinary condition due to muscle cell injury followed by the release of cell components into circulation. Etiology of RML has a broad range; a serious complication is acute kidney injury (AKI). Despite its high relevance, there is no established formal definition for RML.
objectivesA systematic review, focusing on RML definition, providing a recommendation for clinicians.
methodSystematic literature research in PubMed and Embase (1968-07/2018).
resultsThe database research presented 8136 articles in PubMed and 2151 in Embase. After screening, 614 papers were retained for statistical analysis. A retrospective study was the most used design (44%). A definition of RML was stated in 231 studies (37.6%), including a precise creatine kinase level (CK) cut-off most frequently (67.1%). In 53/231 (22.9%) studies the CK cut-off was > 5 × upper limit of normal (ULN), and in 64/231 (27.7%) studies > 1000 IU/L. Further components of definitions were elevated CK without specific thresholds, and clinical symptoms. Exclusion criteria referring to the definition of RML were established in 113 studies, including myocardial, renal, cerebral and neuromuscular characteristics.
conclusionAt present, we recommend a clinical syndrome of acute muscle weakness, myalgia, and muscle swelling combined with a CK cut-off value of > 1000 IU/L/ or CK > 5 × ULN for the standard definition of a mild RML. Additionally measured myoglobinuria and AKI indicate a severe type of RML. Exclusion criteria as well as the chronological sequence need to be considered for a conclusive RML definition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.